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The rapid advancement of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has led to breakthroughs in various applications, yet their security remains a critical challenge. One pressing issue involves unsafe image-query pairs--jailbreak inputs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Muzhi Dai , Shixuan Liu , Zhiyuan Zhao , Junyu Gao , Hao Sun , Xuelong Li

AI agents are increasingly deployed in production, yet their security evaluations remain bottlenecked by manual red-teaming or static benchmarks that fail to model adaptive, multi-turn adversaries. We propose NAAMSE, an evolutionary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Kunal Pai , Parth Shah , Harshil Patel

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized AI deployment, enabling autonomous and semi-autonomous applications across industries through intuitive language interfaces and continuous improvements in model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Adam Swanda , Amy Chang , Alexander Chen , Fraser Burch , Paul Kassianik , Konstantin Berlin

Website fingerprinting (WF) attacks, usually conducted with the help of a machine learning-based classifier, enable a network eavesdropper to pinpoint which web page a user is accessing through the inspection of traffic patterns. These…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Alexander Veicht , Cedric Renggli , Diogo Barradas

This paper presents a framework which enables a user to more easily make corrections to adversarial texts. While attack algorithms have been demonstrated to automatically build adversaries, changes made by the algorithms can often have poor…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Brandon Laughlin , Christopher Collins , Karthik Sankaranarayanan , Khalil El-Khatib

Text-to-Image (T2I) generation is a popular AI-generated content (AIGC) technology enabling diverse and creative image synthesis. However, some outputs may contain Not Safe For Work (NSFW) content (e.g., violence), violating community…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Mingrui Liu , Sixiao Zhang , Cheng Long

The emergence of agent-to-agent communication protocols mirrors the early internet: powerful connectivity with minimal security infrastructure. When AI agents communicate on behalf of users, every message crosses a trust boundary where the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Sahar Abdelnabi , Amr Gomaa , Eugene Bagdasarian , Per Ola Kristensson , Reza Shokri

The emerging wide area monitoring systems (WAMS) have brought significant improvements in electric grids' situational awareness. However, the newly introduced system can potentially increase the risk of cyber-attacks, which may be disguised…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-26 Gabriel Intriago , Yu Zhang

Following the recent adoption of deep neural networks (DNN) accross a wide range of applications, adversarial attacks against these models have proven to be an indisputable threat. Adversarial samples are crafted with a deliberate intention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-31 Valentina Zantedeschi , Maria-Irina Nicolae , Ambrish Rawat

Web applications are distributed applications, they are programs that run on more than one computer and communicate through a network or server. This very distributed nature of web applications, combined with the scale and sheer complexity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Akash Nagaraj , Bishesh Sinha , Mukund Sood , Yash Mathur , Sanchika Gupta , Dinkar Sitaram

The Dafny verifier provides strong correctness guarantees but often requires numerous manual helper assertions, creating a significant barrier to adoption. We investigate the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to automatically infer…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Álvaro Silva , Alexandra Mendes , Ruben Martins

Multi-bit watermarking (MW) has been designed to enhance resistance against watermarking attacks, such as signal processing operations and geometric distortions. Various benchmark tools exist to assess this robustness through simulated…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Seung-Hun Nam , Jihyeon Kang , Daesik Kim , Namhyuk Ahn , Wonhyuk Ahn

The safety and resilience of fully autonomous vehicles (AVs) are of significant concern, as exemplified by several headline-making accidents. While AV development today involves verification, validation, and testing, end-to-end assessment…

In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework to construct matching algorithms for any biometric authentication systems. Conventional matching algorithms are not necessarily secure against strong intentional impersonation attacks such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-04-09 Manabu Inuma , Akira Otsuka , Hideki Imai

Large Language Models (LLMs), renowned for their superior proficiency in language comprehension and generation, stimulate a vibrant ecosystem of applications around them. However, their extensive assimilation into various services…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Yi Liu , Gelei Deng , Yuekang Li , Kailong Wang , Zihao Wang , Xiaofeng Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Yepang Liu , Haoyu Wang , Yan Zheng , Leo Yu Zhang , Yang Liu

To ensure resilient neural network processing on even unreliable hardware, comprehensive reliability analysis against various hardware faults is generally required before the deep neural network models are deployed, and efficient error…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Haitong Huang , Cheng Liu , Bo Liu , Xinghua Xue , Huawei Li , Xiaowei Li

When large language model (LLM) systems interact with external data to perform complex tasks, a new attack, namely prompt injection, becomes a significant threat. By injecting instructions into the data accessed by the system, the attacker…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Sizhe Chen , Yizhu Wang , Nicholas Carlini , Chawin Sitawarin , David Wagner

Input sanitization mechanisms are widely used to mitigate vulnerabilities to injection attacks such as cross-site scripting. Static analysis tools and techniques commonly used to ensure that applications utilize sanitization functions.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-04 Mahmoud Mohammadi , Bill Chu , Heather Richter Lipford

Safely aligning large language models (LLMs) often demands extensive human-labeled preference data, a process that's both costly and time-consuming. While synthetic data offers a promising alternative, current methods frequently rely on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Kyubyung Chae , Hyunbin Jin , Taesup Kim

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have become a powerful toolfor a wide range of problems. Yet recent work has found an increasing variety of adversarial samplesthat can fool them. Most existing detection mechanisms against adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Ilia Shumailov , Yiren Zhao , Robert Mullins , Ross Anderson