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Related papers: Lower Bounds for Sorting 16, 17, and 18 Elements

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In this paper, we analyze the sum of squares hierarchy (SOS) on the ordering principle on $n$ elements. We prove that degree $O(\sqrt{n}log(n))$ SOS can prove the ordering principle. We then show that this upper bound is essentially tight…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Aaron Potechin

We study the $\{1234, 3412\}$ pattern-replacement equivalence relation on the set $S_n$ of permutations of length $n$, which is conceptually similar to the Knuth relation. In particular, we enumerate and characterize the nontrivial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-07 Quinn Perian , Bella Xu , Alexander Lu Zhang

We provide a detailed analysis of the question: how many measurement settings or outcomes are needed in order to identify a quantum system which is constrained by prior information? We show that if the prior information restricts the system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-17 Teiko Heinosaari , Luca Mazzarella , Michael M. Wolf

In ranking problems, the goal is to learn a ranking function from labeled pairs of input points. In this paper, we consider the related comparison problem, where the label indicates which element of the pair is better, or if there is no…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-27 David Venuto , Toby Dylan Hocking , Lakjaree Sphanurattana , Masashi Sugiyama

A sorting network is a shortest path from 12...n to n...21 in the Cayley graph of S_n generated by nearest-neighbour swaps. We prove that for a uniform random sorting network, as n->infinity the space-time process of swaps converges to the…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-11-10 Omer Angel , Alexander E. Holroyd , Dan Romik , Balint Virag

In this paper we first investigate minimal sufficient sets of colors for p=11 and 13. For odd prime p and any p-colorable link L with non-zero determinant, we give alternative proofs of mincol_p L \geq 5 for p \geq 11 and mincol_p L \geq 6…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2015-01-13 Jun Ge , Xian'an Jin , Louis H. Kauffman , Pedro Lopes , Lianzhu Zhang

A vanishing sum of roots of unity is called minimal if no proper, nonempty sub-sum of it vanishes. This paper classifies all minimal vanishing sums of roots of unity of weight at most 16 by hand, thereby uncovering new phenomena beyond the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-18 Louis Christie , Kenneth J. Dykema , Igor Klep

The number of conjugate classes of derangements of order $n$ is the same as the number $h(n)$ of the restricted partitions with every portion greater than $1$. It is also equal to the number of isotopy classes of $2\times n$ Latin…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-05-24 Wen-Wei Li , Zhong-Lin Cheng , Jia-Bao Liu

In the unit-cost comparison model, a black box takes an input two items and outputs the result of the comparison. Problems like sorting and searching have been studied in this model, and it has been generalized to include the concept of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Michael A. Bender , Mayank Goswami , Dzejla Mededovic , Pablo Montes , Kostas Tsichlas

Much of the copious literature on the subject of sorting has concentrated on minimizing the number of comparisons and/or exchanges/copies. However, a more appropriate yardstick for the performance of sorting algorithms is based on the total…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-03 R. C. Hillyard , Yunlu Liaozheng , Sai Vineeth K. R

Convolutional neural networks have established themselves over the past years as the state of the art method for image classification, and for many datasets, they even surpass humans in categorizing images. Unfortunately, the same…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Sebastian Stabinger , David Peer , Antonio Rodríguez-Sánchez

Merging-based sorting networks are an important family of sorting networks. Most merge sorting networks are based on 2-way or multi-way merging algorithms using 2-sorters as basic building blocks. An alternative is to use n-sorters, instead…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-07-04 Feng Shi , Zhiyuan Yan , Meghanad Wagh

Boolean cardinality constraints state that at most (at least, or exactly) $k$ out of $n$ propositional literals can be true. We propose a new class of selection networks that can be used for an efficient encoding of them. Several comparator…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-04-17 Michał Karpiński , Marek Piotrów

A predecessor (successor) search finds the largest element $x^-$ smaller than the input string $x$ (the smallest element $x^+$ larger than or equal to $x$, respectively) out of a given set $S$; in this paper, we consider the static case…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-09-26 Djamal Belazzougui , Paolo Boldi , Sebastiano Vigna

Given $n$ colored balls, we want to detect if more than $\lfloor n/2\rfloor$ of them have the same color, and if so find one ball with such majority color. We are only allowed to choose two balls and compare their colors, and the goal is to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-05-02 Paweł Gawrychowski , Jukka Suomela , Przemysław Uznański

We derive new time-space tradeoff lower bounds and algorithms for exactly computing statistics of input data, including frequency moments, element distinctness, and order statistics, that are simple to calculate for sorted data. We develop…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-09-17 Paul Beame , Raphael Clifford , Widad Machmouchi

The element distinctness problem is the problem of determining whether the elements of a list are distinct, that is, if $x=(x_1,...,x_N)$ is a list with $N$ elements, we ask whether the elements of $x$ are distinct or not. The solution in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-13 Renato Portugal

An n-element set contains an unknown number of excellent elements, and our goal is to identify at least one of these elements. The members of a family of subsets can be asked if they contain at least one excellent element or not. At most…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-21 Aanchal Gupta , Gyula O. H. Katona

The partition problem is a well-known basic NP-complete problem. We mainly consider the optimization version of it in this paper. The problem has been investigated from various perspectives for a long time and can be solved efficiently in…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Susumu Kubo

The sorting operation is one of the most commonly used building blocks in computer programming. In machine learning, it is often used for robust statistics. However, seen as a function, it is piecewise linear and as a result includes many…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-01 Mathieu Blondel , Olivier Teboul , Quentin Berthet , Josip Djolonga