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We present an online model-based reinforcement learning algorithm suitable for controlling complex robotic systems directly in the real world. Unlike prevailing sim-to-real pipelines that rely on extensive offline simulation and model-free…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Fang Nan , Hao Ma , Qinghua Guan , Josie Hughes , Michael Muehlebach , Marco Hutter

For imitation learning algorithms to scale to real-world challenges, they must handle high-dimensional observations, offline learning, and policy-induced covariate-shift. We propose DITTO, an offline imitation learning algorithm which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Branton DeMoss , Paul Duckworth , Jakob Foerster , Nick Hawes , Ingmar Posner

We consider the problem of learning useful robotic skills from previously collected offline data without access to manually specified rewards or additional online exploration, a setting that is becoming increasingly important for scaling…

When performing imitation learning from expert demonstrations, distribution matching is a popular approach, in which one alternates between estimating distribution ratios and then using these ratios as rewards in a standard reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Ilya Kostrikov , Ofir Nachum , Jonathan Tompson

Offline-to-online reinforcement learning (O2O RL) aims to obtain a continually improving policy as it interacts with the environment, while ensuring the initial policy behaviour is satisficing. This satisficing behaviour is necessary for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Bryan Chan , Anson Leung , James Bergstra

We study the problem of offline policy optimization in stochastic contextual bandit problems, where the goal is to learn a near-optimal policy based on a dataset of decision data collected by a suboptimal behavior policy. Rather than making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Germano Gabbianelli , Gergely Neu , Matteo Papini

The goal of imitation learning is to mimic expert behavior from demonstrations, without access to an explicit reward signal. A popular class of approach infers the (unknown) reward function via inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) followed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Carl Qi , Pieter Abbeel , Aditya Grover

Scaling Reinforcement Learning to in-the-wild social robot navigation is both data-intensive and unsafe, since policies must learn through direct interaction and inevitably encounter collisions. Offline Imitation learning (IL) avoids these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-24 James R. Han , Mithun Vanniasinghe , Hshmat Sahak , Nicholas Rhinehart , Timothy D. Barfoot

Despite recent progress in offline learning, these methods are still trained and tested on the same environment. In this paper, we compare the generalization abilities of widely used online and offline learning methods such as online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Ishita Mediratta , Qingfei You , Minqi Jiang , Roberta Raileanu

Recent advances in behavior cloning (BC) have enabled impressive visuomotor control policies. However, these approaches are limited by the quality of human demonstrations, the manual effort required for data collection, and the diminishing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Lars Ankile , Zhenyu Jiang , Rocky Duan , Guanya Shi , Pieter Abbeel , Anusha Nagabandi

Offline model-based optimization (MBO) aims to identify a design that maximizes a black-box function using only a fixed, pre-collected dataset of designs and their corresponding scores. A common approach in offline MBO is to train a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Rong-Xi Tan , Ke Xue , Shen-Huan Lyu , Haopu Shang , Yao Wang , Yaoyuan Wang , Sheng Fu , Chao Qian

This paper presents the first algorithm for model-based offline quantum reinforcement learning and demonstrates its functionality on the cart-pole benchmark. The model and the policy to be optimized are each implemented as variational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-06 Simon Eisenmann , Daniel Hein , Steffen Udluft , Thomas A. Runkler

Offline policy learning (OPL) leverages existing data collected a priori for policy optimization without any active exploration. Despite the prevalence and recent interest in this problem, its theoretical and algorithmic foundations in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Thanh Nguyen-Tang , Sunil Gupta , A. Tuan Nguyen , Svetha Venkatesh

Guaranteeing constraint satisfaction is challenging in imitation learning (IL), particularly in tasks that require operating near a system's handling limits. Traditional IL methods, such as Behavior Cloning (BC), often struggle to enforce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Shengfan Cao , Eunhyek Joa , Francesco Borrelli

Although reinforcement learning methods offer a powerful framework for automatic skill acquisition, for practical learning-based control problems in domains such as robotics, imitation learning often provides a more convenient and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Jianlan Luo , Perry Dong , Yuexiang Zhai , Yi Ma , Sergey Levine

Imitation learning can reproduce policies by observing experts, which poses a problem regarding policy privacy. Policies, such as human, or policies on deployed robots, can all be cloned without consent from the owners. How can we protect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Albert Zhan , Stas Tiomkin , Pieter Abbeel

Imitation learning (IL) is a popular paradigm for training policies in robotic systems when specifying the reward function is difficult. However, despite the success of IL algorithms, they impose the somewhat unrealistic requirement that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Luca Viano , Yu-Ting Huang , Parameswaran Kamalaruban , Craig Innes , Subramanian Ramamoorthy , Adrian Weller

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) addresses the problem of learning a performant policy from a fixed batch of data collected by following some behavior policy. Model-based approaches are particularly appealing in the offline setting since…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Jihwan Jeong , Xiaoyu Wang , Michael Gimelfarb , Hyunwoo Kim , Baher Abdulhai , Scott Sanner

Behavioral Cloning (BC) aims at learning a policy that mimics the behavior demonstrated by an expert. The current theoretical understanding of BC is limited to the case of finite actions. In this paper, we study BC with the goal of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Davide Maran , Alberto Maria Metelli , Marcello Restelli

Imitation learning (IL) is a general learning paradigm for tackling sequential decision-making problems. Interactive imitation learning, where learners can interactively query for expert demonstrations, has been shown to achieve provably…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Yichen Li , Chicheng Zhang
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