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Code search is a task to find programming codes that semantically match the given natural language queries. Even though some of the existing datasets for this task are multilingual on the programming language side, their query data are only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Ryo Sekizawa , Nan Duan , Shuai Lu , Hitomi Yanaka

Binary code analysis plays a pivotal role in the field of software security and is widely used in tasks such as software maintenance, malware detection, software vulnerability discovery, patch analysis, etc. However, unlike source code,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Xiuwei Shang , Zhenkan Fu , Shaoyin Cheng , Guoqiang Chen , Gangyang Li , Li Hu , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Code analysis is fundamental in Software Engineering, supporting debugging, optimization, and security assessment. Human developers approach it through syntax parsing, static semantics inference, and dynamic reasoning. Traditional tools are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Wei Ma , Zhihao Lin , Shangqing Liu , Qiang Hu , Ye Liu , Wenhan Wang , Cen Zhang , Liming Nie , Li Li , Yang Liu , Lingxiao Jiang

Knowledge Distillation (KD) transfers knowledge from large models to small models and has recently achieved remarkable success. However, the reliability of existing KD methods in real-world applications, especially under distribution shift,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Songming Zhang , Yuxiao Luo , Ziyu Lyu , Xiaofeng Chen

Language models (LMs) are machine learning models designed to predict linguistic patterns by estimating the probability of word sequences based on large-scale datasets, such as text. LMs have a wide range of applications in natural language…

Developing automated and smart software vulnerability detection models has been receiving great attention from both research and development communities. One of the biggest challenges in this area is the lack of code samples for all…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Khadija Hanifi , Ramin F Fouladi , Basak Gencer Unsalver , Goksu Karadag

Code search is vital in the maintenance and extension of software systems. Past works have used separate language models for the natural language and programming language artifacts on models with multiple encoders and different loss…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Monoshiz Mahbub Khan , Zhe Yu

Current object detectors often suffer significant perfor-mance degradation in real-world applications when encountering distributional shifts. Consequently, the out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization capability of object detectors has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Jiansheng Li , Xingxuan Zhang , Hao Zou , Yige Guo , Renzhe Xu , Yilong Liu , Chuzhao Zhu , Yue He , Peng Cui

The source code of successful projects is evolving all the time, resulting in hundreds of thousands of code changes stored in source code repositories. This wealth of data can be useful, e.g., to find changes similar to a planned code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Luca Di Grazia , Paul Bredl , Michael Pradel

In selective classification (SC), a classifier abstains from making predictions that are likely to be wrong to avoid excessive errors. To deploy imperfect classifiers -- either due to intrinsic statistical noise of data or for robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Hengyue Liang , Le Peng , Ju Sun

Language Identification (LID) is a core task in multilingual NLP, yet current systems often overfit to clean, monolingual data. This work introduces DIVERS-BENCH, a comprehensive evaluation of state-of-the-art LID models across diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jessica Ojo , Zina Kamel , David Ifeoluwa Adelani

Code writing is repetitive and predictable, inspiring us to develop various code intelligence techniques. This survey focuses on code search, that is, to retrieve code that matches a given query by effectively capturing the semantic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Yutao Xie , Jiayi Lin , Hande Dong , Lei Zhang , Zhonghai Wu

Translation between natural language and source code can help software development by enabling developers to comprehend, ideate, search, and write computer programs in natural language. Despite growing interest from the industry and the…

Code-switching, the interleaving of two or more languages within a sentence or discourse is pervasive in multilingual societies. Accurate language models for code-switched text are critical for NLP tasks. State-of-the-art data-intensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-24 Bidisha Samanta , Sharmila Reddy , Hussain Jagirdar , Niloy Ganguly , Soumen Chakrabarti

Modern software relies on a multitude of automated testing and quality assurance tools to prevent errors, bugs and potential vulnerabilities. This study sets out to provide a head-to-head, quantitative and qualitative evaluation of six…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Damian Gnieciak , Tomasz Szandala

Despite the recent advances showing that a model pre-trained on large-scale source code data is able to gain appreciable generalization capability, it still requires a sizeable amount of data on the target task for fine-tuning. And the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Changan Niu , Chuanyi Li , Vincent Ng , Bin Luo

Large language models (LLMs) perform strongly on general-purpose code generation, yet their applicability to enterprise domain-specific languages (DSLs) remains underexplored, especially for repository-scale change generation spanning…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Sivajeet Chand , Kevin Nguyen , Peter Kuntz , Alexander Pretschner

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted for code vulnerability detection, their reliability and robustness across diverse vulnerability types have become a pressing concern. In traditional adversarial settings, code…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Xiao Li , Yue Li , Hao Wu , Yue Zhang , Yechao Zhang , Fengyuan Xu , Sheng Zhong

General large language models (LLMs), represented by ChatGPT, have demonstrated significant potential in tasks such as code generation in software engineering. This has led to the development of specialized LLMs for software engineering,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Zibin Zheng , Kaiwen Ning , Yanlin Wang , Jingwen Zhang , Dewu Zheng , Mingxi Ye , Jiachi Chen

Motivation. Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable proficiency in diverse software engineering (SE) tasks. Handling such tasks typically involves acquiring foundational coding knowledge on large, general-purpose datasets…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-02 José Antonio Hernández López , Boqi Chen , Mootez Saaz , Tushar Sharma , Dániel Varró