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We propose a framework to perform Bayesian inference using conditional score-based diffusion models to solve a class of inverse problems in mechanics involving the inference of a specimen's spatially varying material properties from noisy…

Diffusion models have recently emerged as powerful learners for simulation-based inference (SBI), enabling fast and accurate estimation of latent parameters from simulated and real data. Their score-based formulation offers a flexible way…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-30 Jonas Arruda , Niels Bracher , Ullrich Köthe , Jan Hasenauer , Stefan T. Radev

Generative diffusion models have emerged as leading models in speech and image generation. However, in order to perform well with a small number of denoising steps, a costly tuning of the set of noise parameters is needed. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Robin San-Roman , Eliya Nachmani , Lior Wolf

Diffusion models are powerful generative models that map noise to data using stochastic processes. However, for many applications such as image editing, the model input comes from a distribution that is not random noise. As such, diffusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Linqi Zhou , Aaron Lou , Samar Khanna , Stefano Ermon

Many data-driven decision problems are formulated using a nominal distribution estimated from historical data, while performance is ultimately determined by a deployment distribution that may be shifted, context-dependent, partially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xiuyuan Cheng , Yunqin Zhu , Yao Xie

The new paradigm of test-time scaling has yielded remarkable breakthroughs in Large Language Models (LLMs) (e.g. reasoning models) and in generative vision models, allowing models to allocate additional computation during inference to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Luca Eyring , Shyamgopal Karthik , Alexey Dosovitskiy , Nataniel Ruiz , Zeynep Akata

Score-based diffusion models are a recently developed framework for posterior sampling in Bayesian inverse problems with a state-of-the-art performance for severely ill-posed problems by leveraging a powerful prior distribution learned from…

Score-based diffusion models generate samples from a complex underlying data distribution by time-reversal of a diffusion process and represent the state-of-the-art in many generative AI applications. Here, I show how a generative diffusion…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-09-03 Adrian Baule

The denoising diffusion model has recently emerged as a powerful generative technique, capable of transforming noise into meaningful data. While theoretical convergence guarantees for diffusion models are well established when the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Yuchen Liang , Peizhong Ju , Yingbin Liang , Ness Shroff

Diffusion models generate samples by estimating the score function of the target distribution at various noise levels. The model is trained using samples drawn from the target distribution by progressively adding noise. Previous sample…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Syamantak Kumar , Dheeraj Nagaraj , Purnamrita Sarkar

Denoising diffusion models are a popular class of generative models providing state-of-the-art results in many domains. One adds gradually noise to data using a diffusion to transform the data distribution into a Gaussian distribution.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Francisco Vargas , Will Grathwohl , Arnaud Doucet

Conditional diffusion models have shown remarkable performance in various generative tasks, but training them requires large-scale datasets that often contain noise in conditional inputs, a.k.a. noisy labels. This noise leads to condition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Byeonghu Na , Yeongmin Kim , HeeSun Bae , Jung Hyun Lee , Se Jung Kwon , Wanmo Kang , Il-Chul Moon

Generative diffusion models showed high success in many fields with a powerful theoretical background. They convert the data distribution to noise and remove the noise back to obtain a similar distribution. Many existing reviews focused on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Melike Nur Yeğin , Mehmet Fatih Amasyalı

Adapting pretrained diffusion models to downstream objectives such as inverse problems often requires expensive test-time guidance or optimization. We propose a principled framework for generating high-quality reward-aligned samples at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Kushagra Pandey , Farrin Marouf Sofian , Jan Niklas Groeneveld , Felix Draxler , Stephan Mandt

Building on recent advances in scientific machine learning and generative modeling for computational fluid dynamics, we propose a conditional score-based diffusion model designed for multi-scenarios fluid flow prediction. Our model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Wilfried Genuist , Éric Savin , Filippo Gatti , Didier Clouteau

Diffusion models are the mainstream approach for time series generation tasks. However, existing diffusion models for time series generation require retraining the entire framework to introduce specific conditional guidance. There also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Mingchun Sun , Rongqiang Zhao , Hengrui Hu , Songyu Ding , Jie Liu

Score-based diffusion models have emerged as effective approaches for both conditional and unconditional generation. Still conditional generation is based on either a specific training of a conditional model or classifier guidance, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Davide Scassola , Sebastiano Saccani , Ginevra Carbone , Luca Bortolussi

Reversing a diffusion process by learning its score forms the heart of diffusion-based generative modeling and for estimating properties of scientific systems. The diffusion processes that are tractable center on linear processes with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Raghav Singhal , Mark Goldstein , Rajesh Ranganath

Fourier analysis has been an instrumental tool in the development of signal processing. This leads us to wonder whether this framework could similarly benefit generative modelling. In this paper, we explore this question through the scope…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Jonathan Crabbé , Nicolas Huynh , Jan Stanczuk , Mihaela van der Schaar

As a class of generative artificial intelligence frameworks inspired by statistical physics, diffusion models have shown extraordinary performance in synthesizing complicated data distributions through a denoising process gradually guided…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Fangjun Hu , Guangkuo Liu , Yifan F. Zhang , Xun Gao