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Blockchains are tamper evident and tamper resistant digital ledgers implemented in a distributed fashion (i.e., without a central repository) and usually without a central authority (i.e., a bank, company, or government). At their basic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-27 Dylan Yaga , Peter Mell , Nik Roby , Karen Scarfone

Blockchain systems come with a promise of decentralization that often stumbles on a roadblock when key decisions about modifying the software codebase need to be made. This is attested by the fact that both of the two major…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Aggelos Kiayias , Philip Lazos

Thanks to the advances in machine learning, data-driven analysis tools have become valuable solutions for various applications. However, there still remain essential challenges to develop effective data-driven methods because of the need to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Gihan J. Mendis , Yifu Wu , Jin Wei , Moein Sabounchi , Rigoberto Roche'

The continuing expansion of the blockchain ecosystems has attracted much attention from the research community. However, although a large number of research studies have been proposed to understand the diverse characteristics of individual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Ningyu He , Weihang Su , Zhou Yu , Xinyu Liu , Fengyi Zhao , Haoyu Wang , Xiapu Luo , Gareth Tyson , Lei Wu , Yao Guo

Almost a decade on from the launch of Bitcoin, cryptocurrencies continue to generate headlines and intense debate. What started as an underground experiment by a rag tag group of programmers armed with a Libertarian manifesto has now…

General Economics · Economics 2018-11-15 Hina Binte Haq , Syed Taha Ali

Blockchain technology, introduced in 2008, has revolutionized data storage and transfer across sectors such as finance, healthcare, intelligent transportation, and the metaverse. However, the proliferation of blockchain systems has led to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Zhihong Deng , Chunming Tang , Taotao Li , Parhat Abla , Qi Chen , Wei Liang , Debiao He

Centralized monetary policy, leading to persistent inflation, is often inconsistent, untrustworthy, and unpredictable. Algorithmic stablecoins enabled by blockchain technology are promising in solving this problem. Algorithmic stablecoins…

General Economics · Economics 2022-01-17 Luyao Zhang , Yulin Liu

This editorial addresses the critical intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain technologies, highlighting their contrasting tendencies toward centralization and decentralization, respectively. While AI, particularly with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yibai Li , Zhiye Jin , Xiaobing , Li , K. D. Joshi , Xuefei , Deng

The aim of this work is to study the use of decentralization and smart contracts on blockchain networks. We investigate the implementation and use of smart contracts on the platforms Bitcoin, Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric. Additionally,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-13 Theodosis Mourouzis , Jayant Tandon

Blockchain has many benefits including decentralization, availability, persistency, consistency, anonymity, auditability and accountability, and it also covers a wide spectrum of applications ranging from cryptocurrency, financial services,…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Quan-Lin Li , Jing-Yu Ma , Yan-Xia Chang

The necessity of blockchain systems to remain decentralised limits current solutions to blockchain governance and dynamic management, forcing a trade-off between control and decentralisation. In light of the above, this work proposes a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Georgios Diamantopoulos , Nikos Tziritas , Rami Bahsoon , Georgios Theodoropoulos

Cryptocurrencies aim to replicate physical cash in the digital realm while removing centralized and trusted intermediaries. Decentralization is achieved by the blockchain, a permanent public ledger that contains a record of every…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Domokos Miklós Kelen , István András Seres

The underlying fundaments of blockchain are cryptography and cryptographic concepts that provide reliable and secure decentralized solutions. Although many recent papers study the use-cases of blockchain in different industrial areas, such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-03 Mayank Raikwar , Danilo Gligoroski , Katina Kralevska

The Bitcoin system is an anonymous, decentralized crypto-currency. There are some deanonymizating techniques to cluster Bitcoin addresses and to map them to users' identifications in the two research directions of Analysis of Transaction…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-10-28 QingChun ShenTu , JianPing Yu

Game theory is often used as a tool to analyze decentralized systems and their properties, in particular, blockchains. In this note, we take the opposite view. We argue that blockchains can and should be used to implement economic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-02 Akaki Mamageishvili , Jan Christoph Schlegel

There is a growing interest today in blockchain technology as a possible foundation for the future global financial ecosystem. However, in order for this future financial ecosystem to be truly global, with a high degree of interoperability…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-14 Thomas Hardjono , Ned Smith

We discuss numerous justifications for why crypto-currencies would be highly conducive for the smooth functioning of today's society. We provide several comparisons between cryptocurrencies issued by blockchain projects, crypto, and…

General Economics · Economics 2023-07-18 Ravi Kashyap

Blockchain design involves many tradeoffs, and much debate has focused on tradeoffs related to scaling parameters such as blocksize. To address some of the confusion around this subject, we present a probability proof of the DCS Triangle.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-01-16 Greg Slepak , Anya Petrova

Blockchains have received much attention recently since they provide decentralized approaches to the creation and management of value. Many banks, Internet companies, car manufacturers, and even governments worldwide have incorporated or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-07 Wubing Chen , Zhiying Xu , Shuyu Shi , Yang Zhao , Jun Zhao

Blockchains have shown great promise as peer-to-peer digital currency systems over the past 10 years. However, with increased popularity, the demand for processing transactions has also grown leading to increased costs, confirmation times,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Karl J. Kreder