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Echo State Networks (ESNs) are a reservoir computing framework widely used for nonlinear time-series prediction. However, despite their effectiveness, randomly initialized reservoirs often contain redundant nodes, leading to unnecessary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Sudip Laudari

We present neural machine translation (NMT) models inspired by echo state network (ESN), named Echo State NMT (ESNMT), in which the encoder and decoder layer weights are randomly generated then fixed throughout training. We show that even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Ankush Garg , Yuan Cao , Qi Ge

We propose automatic speech recognition (ASR) models inspired by echo state network (ESN), in which a subset of recurrent neural networks (RNN) layers in the models are randomly initialized and untrained. Our study focuses on RNN-T and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-19 Harsh Shrivastava , Ankush Garg , Yuan Cao , Yu Zhang , Tara Sainath

Spatio-temporal data and processes are prevalent across a wide variety of scientific disciplines. These processes are often characterized by nonlinear time dynamics that include interactions across multiple scales of spatial and temporal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-08-18 Patrick L. McDermott , Christopher K. Wikle

Among the various architectures of Recurrent Neural Networks, Echo State Networks (ESNs) emerged due to their simplified and inexpensive training procedure. These networks are known to be sensitive to the setting of hyper-parameters, which…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Pietro Verzelli , Cesare Alippi , Lorenzo Livi

Echo state networks (ESNs) are a class of recurrent neural networks in which only the readout layer is trainable, while the recurrent and input layers are fixed. This architectural constraint enables computationally efficient processing of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Taiki Yamada , Yuichi Katori , Kantaro Fujiwara

Echo State Networks (ESNs) are a class of single layer recurrent neural networks that have enjoyed recent attention. In this paper we prove that a suitable ESN, trained on a series of measurements of an invertible dynamical system, induces…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2020-05-19 Allen G Hart , James L Hook , Jonathan H P Dawes

Echo state networks are computationally lightweight reservoir models inspired by the random projections observed in cortical circuitry. As interest in reservoir computing has grown, networks have become deeper and more intricate. While…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-23 Zachariah Carmichael , Humza Syed , Dhireesha Kudithipudi

Echo State Networks (ESNs) are recurrent neural networks that only train their output layer, thereby precluding the need to backpropagate gradients through time, which leads to significant computational gains. Nevertheless, a common issue…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-03-13 Jacob Reinier Maat , Nikos Gianniotis , Pavlos Protopapas

Neuro-inspired recurrent neural network algorithms, such as echo state networks, are computationally lightweight and thereby map well onto untethered devices. The baseline echo state network algorithms are shown to be efficient in solving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-27 Zachariah Carmichael , Humza Syed , Stuart Burtner , Dhireesha Kudithipudi

Echo state networks are a recently developed type of recurrent neural network where the internal layer is fixed with random weights, and only the output layer is trained on specific data. Echo state networks are increasingly being used to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-02-06 Ashley Prater

Echo State Networks (ESNs) are recurrent neural networks usually employed for modeling nonlinear dynamic systems with relatively ease of training. By incorporating physical laws into the training of ESNs, Physics-Informed ESNs (PI-ESNs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Eric Mochiutti , Eric Aislan Antonelo , Eduardo Camponogara

Echo state network (ESN), a kind of recurrent neural networks, consists of a fixed reservoir in which neurons are connected randomly and recursively and obtains the desired output only by training output connection weights. First-order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Yansong Li , Kai Hu , Kohei Nakajima , Yongping Pan

Echo-State Networks and Reservoir Computing have been studied for more than a decade. They provide a simpler yet powerful alternative to Recurrent Neural Networks, every internal weight is fixed and only the last linear layer is trained.…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-09-25 Jonathan Dong , Sylvain Gigan , Florent Krzakala , Gilles Wainrib

In real-world applications such as emotion recognition from recorded brain activity, data are captured from electrodes over time. These signals constitute a multidimensional time series. In this paper, Echo State Network (ESN), a recurrent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Rahma Fourati , Boudour Ammar , Javier Sanchez-Medina , Adel M. Alimi

Reservoir computing is a recently introduced machine learning paradigm that has been shown to be well-suited for the processing of spatiotemporal data. Rather than training the network node connections and weights via backpropagation in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-07-20 Ashley Prater

Echo State Networks (ESN) are versatile recurrent neural network models in which the hidden layer remains unaltered during training. Interactions among nodes of this static backbone produce diverse representations of the given stimuli that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Kayson Fakhar , Fatemeh Hadaeghi , Claus C. Hilgetag

Macroeconomic forecasting has recently started embracing techniques that can deal with large-scale datasets and series with unequal release periods. MIxed-DAta Sampling (MIDAS) and Dynamic Factor Models (DFM) are the two main…

In this paper, the echo state network (ESN) memory capacity, which represents the amount of input data an ESN can store, is analyzed for a new type of deep ESNs. In particular, two deep ESN architectures are studied. First, a parallel deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-21 Xuanlin Liu , Mingzhe Chen , Changchuan Yin , Walid Saad

Echo State Networks (ESNs) are a class of single-layer recurrent neural networks with randomly generated internal weights, and a single layer of tuneable outer weights, which are usually trained by regularised linear least squares…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Allen G Hart , James L Hook , Jonathan H P Dawes