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Retrosynthesis prediction is a core task in organic synthesis that aims to predict reactants for a given product molecule. Traditionally, chemists select a plausible bond disconnection and derive corresponding reactants, which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Hanbum Ko , Chanhui Lee , Ye Rin Kim , Rodrigo Hormazabal , Sehui Han , Sungbin Lim , Sungwoong Kim

A fundamental problem in organic chemistry is identifying and predicting the series of reactions that synthesize a desired target product molecule. Due to the combinatorial nature of the chemical search space, single-step reactant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Robin Yadav , Qi Yan , Guy Wolf , Avishek Joey Bose , Renjie Liao

Retrosynthetic planning is a critical task in organic chemistry which identifies a series of reactions that can lead to the synthesis of a target product. The vast number of possible chemical transformations makes the size of the search…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Binghong Chen , Chengtao Li , Hanjun Dai , Le Song

We present an extension of our Molecular Transformer architecture combined with a hyper-graph exploration strategy for automatic retrosynthesis route planning without human intervention. The single-step retrosynthetic model sets a new state…

The main target of retrosynthesis is to recursively decompose desired molecules into available building blocks. Existing template-based retrosynthesis methods follow a template selection stereotype and suffer from limited training…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-12-26 Chaochao Yan , Peilin Zhao , Chan Lu , Yang Yu , Junzhou Huang

Recently, template-based (TB) and template-free (TF) molecule graph learning methods have shown promising results to retrosynthesis. TB methods are more accurate using pre-encoded reaction templates, and TF methods are more scalable by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Zhangyang Gao , Cheng Tan , Lirong Wu , Stan Z. Li

Retrosynthesis, which predicts the reactants of a given target molecule, is an essential task for drug discovery. In recent years, the machine learing based retrosynthesis methods have achieved promising results. In this work, we introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Shufang Xie , Rui Yan , Junliang Guo , Yingce Xia , Lijun Wu , Tao Qin

Retrosynthesis involves determining a sequence of reactions to synthesize complex molecules from simpler precursors. As this poses a challenge in organic chemistry, machine learning has offered solutions, particularly for predicting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Mikołaj Sacha , Michał Sadowski , Piotr Kozakowski , Ruard van Workum , Stanisław Jastrzębski

Retrosynthesis is a problem to infer reactant compounds to synthesize a given product compound through chemical reactions. Recent studies on retrosynthesis focus on proposing more sophisticated prediction models, but the dataset to feed the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Katsuhiko Ishiguro , Kazuya Ujihara , Ryohto Sawada , Hirotaka Akita , Masaaki Kotera

Retrosynthesis is a technique to plan the chemical synthesis of organic molecules, for example drugs, agro- and fine chemicals. In retrosynthesis, a search tree is built by analysing molecules recursively and dissecting them into simpler…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-02-02 Marwin Segler , Mike Preuß , Mark P. Waller

Leveraging artificial intelligence for automatic retrosynthesis speeds up organic pathway planning in digital laboratories. However, existing deep learning approaches are unexplainable, like "black box" with few insights, notably limiting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Yu Wang , Chao Pang , Yuzhe Wang , Yi Jiang , Junru Jin , Sirui Liang , Quan Zou , Leyi Wei

Retrosynthesis planning is a fundamental challenge in chemistry which aims at designing reaction pathways from commercially available starting materials to a target molecule. Each step in multi-step retrosynthesis planning requires accurate…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-27 Ilia Igashov , Arne Schneuing , Marwin Segler , Michael Bronstein , Bruno Correia

Retrosynthesis, of which the goal is to find a set of reactants for synthesizing a target product, is an emerging research area of deep learning. While the existing approaches have shown promising results, they currently lack the ability to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Hankook Lee , Sungsoo Ahn , Seung-Woo Seo , You Young Song , Eunho Yang , Sung-Ju Hwang , Jinwoo Shin

Retrosynthetic planning, which aims to find a reaction pathway to synthesize a target molecule, plays an important role in chemistry and drug discovery. This task is usually modeled as a search problem. Recently, data-driven methods have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Shufang Xie , Rui Yan , Peng Han , Yingce Xia , Lijun Wu , Chenjuan Guo , Bin Yang , Tao Qin

Retrosynthetic planning is a fundamental problem in chemistry for finding a pathway of reactions to synthesize a target molecule. Recently, search algorithms have shown promising results for solving this problem by using deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Junsu Kim , Sungsoo Ahn , Hankook Lee , Jinwoo Shin

Retrosynthesis -- the process of identifying a set of reactants to synthesize a target molecule -- is of vital importance to material design and drug discovery. Existing machine learning approaches based on language models and graph neural…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-12-10 Ruoxi Sun , Hanjun Dai , Li Li , Steven Kearnes , Bo Dai

Graph generation is a critical task in numerous domains, including molecular design and social network analysis, due to its ability to model complex relationships and structured data. While most modern graph generative models utilize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Xiaohui Chen , Yinkai Wang , Jiaxing He , Yuanqi Du , Soha Hassoun , Xiaolin Xu , Li-Ping Liu

Retrosynthesis planning aims to decompose target molecules into available building blocks, forming a synthetic tree where each internal node represents an intermediate compound and each leaf ideally corresponds to a purchasable reactant.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Mianchu Wang , Giovanni Montana

The disconnect between AI-generated molecules with desirable properties and their synthetic feasibility remains a critical bottleneck in computational discovery of drugs and materials. While generative AI has accelerated the proposal of…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Shuan Chen , Gunwook Nam , Alan Aspuru-Guzik , Yousung Jung

From medicines to materials, small organic molecules are indispensable for human well-being. To plan their syntheses, chemists employ a problem solving technique called retrosynthesis. In retrosynthesis, target molecules are recursively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-17 Marwin H. S. Segler , Mike Preuss , Mark P. Waller