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Large Language Models (LLMs) show promise as data analysis agents, but existing benchmarks overlook the iterative nature of the field, where experts' decisions evolve with deeper insights of the dataset. To address this, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Hanyu Li , Haoyu Liu , Tingyu Zhu , Tianyu Guo , Zeyu Zheng , Xiaotie Deng , Michael I. Jordan

Today's AI models learn primarily through mimicry and refining, so it is not surprising that they struggle to solve problems beyond the limits set by existing data. To solve novel problems, agents should acquire skills for exploring and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Raj Ghugare , Roger Creus Castanyer , Catherine Ji , Kathryn Wantlin , Jin Schofield , Karthik Narasimhan , Benjamin Eysenbach

Recent work has demonstrated substantial gains on many NLP tasks and benchmarks by pre-training on a large corpus of text followed by fine-tuning on a specific task. While typically task-agnostic in architecture, this method still requires…

The rapid evolution of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has brought substantial advancements in artificial intelligence, significantly enhancing the capability to understand and generate multimodal content. While prior studies have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Lin Li , Guikun Chen , Hanrong Shi , Jun Xiao , Long Chen

Artificial intelligence is making spectacular progress, and one of the best examples is the development of large language models (LLMs) such as OpenAI's GPT series. In these lectures, written for readers with a background in mathematics or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Michael R. Douglas

Large language models (LLMs) regularly demonstrate new and impressive performance on a wide range of language, knowledge, and reasoning benchmarks. Such rapid progress has led many commentators to argue that LLM general cognitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 James Fodor

There is an increasing body of work using Large Language Models (LLMs) as agents for orchestrating workflows and making decisions in domains that require planning and multi-step reasoning. As a result, it is imperative to evaluate LLMs on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Harsha Kokel , Michael Katz , Kavitha Srinivas , Shirin Sohrabi

A better understanding of the emergent computation and problem-solving capabilities of recent large language models is of paramount importance to further improve them and broaden their applicability. This work investigates how a language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Davide Maltoni , Matteo Ferrara

Generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) models have revolutionized the field of natural language processing (NLP) with remarkable performance in various tasks and also extend their power to multimodal domains. Despite their success, large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Kaiyuan Gao , Sunan He , Zhenyu He , Jiacheng Lin , QiZhi Pei , Jie Shao , Wei Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) show strong potential for simulating human social behaviors and interactions, yet lack large-scale, systematically constructed benchmarks for evaluating their alignment with real-world social attitudes. To…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jia Wang , Ziyu Zhao , Tingjuntao Ni , Zhongyu Wei

Large language models (LLMs) are now increasingly utilized for role-playing tasks, especially in impersonating domain-specific experts, primarily through role-playing prompts. When interacting in real-world scenarios, the decision-making…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Chenglei Shen , Guofu Xie , Xiao Zhang , Jun Xu

Modern translation workflows demand more than semantic equivalence. Users routinely require models to preserve JSON or HTML schemas, honor curated glossaries, disambiguate with provided context, and match prescribed registers, often several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Mingrui Sun , Mao Zheng , Zheng Li , Mingyang Song

Subjective well-being is a key metric in economic, medical, and policy decision-making. As artificial intelligence provides scalable tools for modelling human outcomes, it is crucial to evaluate whether large language models (LLMs) can…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Pat Pataranutaporn , Nattavudh Powdthavee , Chayapatr Archiwaranguprok , Pattie Maes

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) holds enormous potential to revolutionize decision-making processes, from everyday to high-stake scenarios. By leveraging generative AI, humans can benefit from data-driven insights and predictions,…

General Economics · Economics 2024-02-19 Valerio Capraro , Roberto Di Paolo , Veronica Pizziol

Generating plans of action, and reasoning about change have long been considered a core competence of intelligent agents. It is thus no surprise that evaluating the planning and reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Karthik Valmeekam , Matthew Marquez , Alberto Olmo , Sarath Sreedharan , Subbarao Kambhampati

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks. However, their practical application in high-stake domains, such as fraud and abuse detection, remains an area that requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Joymallya Chakraborty , Wei Xia , Anirban Majumder , Dan Ma , Walid Chaabene , Naveed Janvekar

As language models are deployed as autonomous agents that negotiate, cooperate, and compete on behalf of human principals, their strategic dispositions acquire direct economic consequences. Here we show, across 51,906 game-theoretic trials…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-04-23 Felipe M. Affonso

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) can reshape education and learning. While large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT dominate current educational research, multimodal capabilities, such as text-to-speech and text-to-image, are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Ville Heilala , Roberto Araya , Raija Hämäläinen

Large language models (LLMs) are emerging as promising tools for mental health care, offering scalable support through their ability to generate human-like responses. However, the effectiveness of these models in clinical settings remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Yining Hua , Hongbin Na , Zehan Li , Fenglin Liu , Xiao Fang , David Clifton , John Torous

AI agents are expected to perform professional work across hundreds of occupational domains (from emergency department triage to nuclear reactor safety monitoring to customs import processing), yet existing benchmarks can only evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Xiaomeng Hu , Yinger Zhang , Fei Huang , Jianhong Tu , Yang Su , Lianghao Deng , Yuxuan Liu , Yantao Liu , Dayiheng Liu , Tsung-Yi Ho