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Inspired by the brain, deep neural networks (DNN) are thought to learn abstract representations through their hierarchical architecture. However, at present, how this happens is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that DNN learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-02-16 Andrew J. R. Simpson

Deep neural networks (DNN) are black box algorithms. They are trained using a gradient descent back propagation technique which trains weights in each layer for the sole goal of minimizing training error. Hence, the resulting weights cannot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Daniel Goldfarb

How can we tell whether two neural networks utilize the same internal processes for a particular computation? This question is pertinent for multiple subfields of neuroscience and machine learning, including neuroAI, mechanistic…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-31 Mitchell Ostrow , Adam Eisen , Leo Kozachkov , Ila Fiete

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to maliciously generated adversarial examples. These examples are intentionally designed by making imperceptible perturbations and often mislead a DNN into making an incorrect prediction. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-10 Mengchen Liu , Shixia Liu , Hang Su , Kelei Cao , Jun Zhu

Several areas have been improved with Deep Learning during the past years. Implementing Deep Neural Networks (DNN) for non-safety related applications have shown remarkable achievements over the past years; however, for using DNNs in safety…

Sometimes it is not enough for a DNN to produce an outcome. For example, in applications such as healthcare, users need to understand the rationale of the decisions. Therefore, it is imperative to develop algorithms to learn models with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-29 Yinpeng Dong , Fan Bao , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

Deep learning techniques have demonstrated significant capacity in modeling some of the most challenging real world problems of high complexity. Despite the popularity of deep models, we still strive to better understand the underlying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-07-11 Yu Zhong , Gil Ettinger

Recent advancements in machine learning and signal processing domains have resulted in an extensive surge of interest in Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) due to their unprecedented performance and high accuracy for different and challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Atefeh Shahroudnejad

Deep learning as represented by the artificial deep neural networks (DNNs) has achieved great success in many important areas that deal with text, images, videos, graphs, and so on. However, the black-box nature of DNNs has become one of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Fenglei Fan , Jinjun Xiong , Mengzhou Li , Ge Wang

Deep learning is formulated as a discrete-time optimal control problem. This allows one to characterize necessary conditions for optimality and develop training algorithms that do not rely on gradients with respect to the trainable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-05 Qianxiao Li , Shuji Hao

Symmetric objects are common in daily life and industry, yet their inherent orientation ambiguities that impede the training of deep learning networks for pose estimation are rarely discussed in the literature. To cope with these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Andreas Kriegler , Csaba Beleznai , Margrit Gelautz

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are machine learning algorithms that have revolutionised computer vision due to their remarkable successes in tasks like object classification and segmentation. The success of DNNs as computer vision algorithms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Felix A. Wichmann , Robert Geirhos

Deep neural networks provide flexible frameworks for learning data representations and functions relating data to other properties and are often claimed to achieve 'super-human' performance in inferring relationships between input data and…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-05-26 Keith T. Butler , Manh Duc Le , Jeyarajan Thiyagalingam , Toby G. Perring

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are notoriously hard to understand and difficult to defend. Extracting representative paths (including the neuron activation values and the connections between neurons) from DNNs using software engineering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Fangzhen Zhao , Chenyi Zhang , Naipeng Dong , Ming Li , Jinxiao Shan

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become powerful tools for modeling complex data structures through sequentially integrating simple functions in each hidden layer. In survival analysis, recent advances of DNNs primarily focus on enhancing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-26 Changhui Yuan , Shishun Zhao , Shuwei Li , Xinyuan Song , Zhao Chen

Several methods have been proposed to explain Deep Neural Network (DNN). However, to our knowledge, only classification networks have been studied to try to determine which input dimensions motivated the decision. Furthermore, as there is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Mégane Millan , Catherine Achard

The lack of well-calibrated confidence estimates makes neural networks inadequate in safety-critical domains such as autonomous driving or healthcare. In these settings, having the ability to abstain from making a prediction on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Adam Dziedzic , Stephan Rabanser , Mohammad Yaghini , Armin Ale , Murat A. Erdogdu , Nicolas Papernot

Deep neural networks (DNNs) transform stimuli across multiple processing stages to produce representations that can be used to solve complex tasks, such as object recognition in images. However, a full understanding of how they achieve this…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-11-01 David G. T. Barrett , Ari S. Morcos , Jakob H. Macke

Deep learning has achieved incredible success over the past years, especially in various challenging predictive spatio-temporal analytics (PSTA) tasks, such as disease prediction, climate forecast, and traffic prediction, where intrinsic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Qi Tan , Yang Liu , Jiming Liu

Understanding what kinds of cooperative structures deep neural networks (DNNs) can represent remains a fundamental yet insufficiently understood problem. In this work, we treat interactions as the fundamental units of such structure and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Huiqi Deng , Qihan Ren , Zhuofan Chen , Zhenyuan Cui , Wen Shen , Peng Zhang , Hongbin Pei , Quanshi Zhang