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Algorithms play a crucial role in many technological systems that control or affect various aspects of our lives. As a result, providing explanations for their decisions to address the needs of users and organisations is increasingly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Trung Dong Huynh , Niko Tsakalakis , Ayah Helal , Sophie Stalla-Bourdillon , Luc Moreau

Explanations in Machine Learning come in many forms, but a consensus regarding their desired properties is yet to emerge. In this paper we introduce a taxonomy and a set of descriptors that can be used to characterise and systematically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Kacper Sokol , Peter Flach

With the recent advances in the field of artificial intelligence, an increasing number of decision-making tasks are delegated to software systems. A key requirement for the success and adoption of such systems is that users must trust…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Ingrid Nunes , Dietmar Jannach

The need for systems to explain behavior to users has become more evident with the rise of complex technology like machine learning or self-adaptation. In general, the need for an explanation arises when the behavior of a system does not…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Mersedeh Sadeghi , Verena Klös , Andreas Vogelsang

Modern software systems are becoming increasingly complex and opaque. The integration of explanations within software has shown the potential to address this opacity and can make the system more understandable to end-users. As a result,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Jakob Droste , Hannah Deters , Martin Obaidi , Kurt Schneider

Effective AI governance requires structured approaches for stakeholders to access and verify AI system behavior. With the rise of large language models, Natural Language Explanations (NLEs) are now key to articulating model behavior, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Isar Nejadgholi , Mona Omidyeganeh , Marc-Antoine Drouin , Jonathan Boisvert

Interest in the field of Explainable Artificial Intelligence has been growing for decades and has accelerated recently. As Artificial Intelligence models have become more complex, and often more opaque, with the incorporation of complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Shruthi Chari , Daniel M. Gruen , Oshani Seneviratne , Deborah L. McGuinness

Providing meaningful and actionable explanations to end-users is a fundamental prerequisite for implementing explainable intelligent systems in the real world. Explainability is a situated interaction between a user and the AI system rather…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Garrick Cabour , Andrés Morales , Élise Ledoux , Samuel Bassetto

In the last years many accurate decision support systems have been constructed as black boxes, that is as systems that hide their internal logic to the user. This lack of explanation constitutes both a practical and an ethical issue. The…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Riccardo Guidotti , Anna Monreale , Salvatore Ruggieri , Franco Turini , Dino Pedreschi , Fosca Giannotti

The recent enthusiasm for artificial intelligence (AI) is due principally to advances in deep learning. Deep learning methods are remarkably accurate, but also opaque, which limits their potential use in safety-critical applications. To…

Explainability has been a goal for Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems since their conception, with the need for explainability growing as more complex AI models are increasingly used in critical, high-stakes settings such as healthcare.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Shruthi Chari , Oshani Seneviratne , Daniel M. Gruen , Morgan A. Foreman , Amar K. Das , Deborah L. McGuinness

Modern data analytics underpinned by machine learning techniques has become a key enabler to the automation of data-led decision making. As an important branch of state-of-the-art data analytics, business process predictions are also faced…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Chun Ouyang , Renuka Sindhgatta , Catarina Moreira

Designing and implementing explainable systems is seen as the next step towards increasing user trust in, acceptance of and reliance on Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. While explaining choices made by black-box algorithms such as…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Sharadhi Alape Suryanarayana , David Sarne , Sarit Kraus

Artificial Intelligence (AI), and in particular, the explainability thereof, has gained phenomenal attention over the last few years. Whilst we usually do not question the decision-making process of these systems in situations where only…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Iena Petronella Derks , Alta de Waal

Software architecture knowledge transfer is essential for software development, but related documentation is often incomplete or ambiguous, making oral explanations a common means. Our broader aim is to explore how such explanations might…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Satrio Adi Rukmono , Filip Zamfirov , Lina Ochoa , Floris Pex , Michel Chaudron

Item ranking systems support users in multi-criteria decision-making tasks. Users need to trust rankings and ranking algorithms to reflect user preferences nicely while avoiding systematic errors and biases. However, today only few…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 I. Al Hazwani , J. Schmid , M. Sachdeva , J. Bernard

In the last years, XAI research has mainly been concerned with developing new technical approaches to explain deep learning models. Just recent research has started to acknowledge the need to tailor explanations to different contexts and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Bettina Finzel , David E. Tafler , Stephan Scheele , Ute Schmid

The adoption of machine learning in high-stakes applications such as healthcare and law has lagged in part because predictions are not accompanied by explanations comprehensible to the domain user, who often holds the ultimate…

In the past two decades, most research on anomaly detection has focused on improving the accuracy of the detection, while largely ignoring the explainability of the corresponding methods and thus leaving the explanation of outcomes to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Zhong Li , Yuxuan Zhu , Matthijs van Leeuwen

Explainable recommendation attempts to develop models that generate not only high-quality recommendations but also intuitive explanations. The explanations may either be post-hoc or directly come from an explainable model (also called…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Yongfeng Zhang , Xu Chen
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