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Recent advances in scanning transmission electron and scanning probe microscopies have opened exciting opportunities in probing the materials structural parameters and various functional properties in real space with angstrom-level…

Four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) of local atomic diffraction patterns is emerging as a powerful technique for probing intricate details of atomic structure and atomic electric fields. However, efficient…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-01-15 Xin Li , Ondrej E. Dyck , Mark P. Oxley , Andrew R. Lupini , Leland McInnes , John Healy , Stephen Jesse , Sergei V. Kalinin

Understanding the relationship between atomic structure (order) and chemical composition (chemistry) is critical for advancing materials science, yet traditional spectroscopic techniques can be slow and damaging to sensitive samples.…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-08-29 Mridul Kumar , Yevgeny Rakita

Flow-Imaging Microscopy (FIM) is commonly used in both academia and industry to characterize subvisible particles (those $\le 25 \mu m$ in size) in protein therapeutics. Pharmaceutical companies are required to record vast volumes of FIM…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2017-09-04 Christopher P. Calderon , Austin L. Daniels , Theodore W. Randolph

Electron microscopy is widely used to explore defects in crystal structures, but human detecting of defects is often time-consuming, error-prone, and unreliable, and is not scalable to large numbers of images or real-time analysis. In this…

Deep learning has demonstrated superb efficacy in processing imaging data, yet its suitability in solving challenging inverse problems in scientific imaging has not been fully explored. Of immense interest is the determination of local…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-02-20 Nouamane Laanait , Qian He , Albina Y. Borisevich

Accurate grain orientation mapping is essential for understanding and optimizing the performance of polycrystalline materials, particularly in energy-related applications. Lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO$_{2}$) is a promising cathode material…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-11-26 Sebastian Wissel , Jonas Scheunert , Aaron Dextre , Shamail Ahmed , Andreas Bayer , Kerstin Volz , Bai-Xiang Xu

We demonstrate a multi-beam scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging that integrates down-sampling with super-resolution image reconstruction via a compressive sensing framework. A custom condenser aperture with six randomly…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-03-19 Akira Yasuhara , Takumi Sannomiya , Ryoichi Horisaki

Three-dimensional volumetric imaging of cells allows for in situ visualization, thus preserving contextual insights into cellular processes. Despite recent advances in machine learning methods, morphological analysis of sub-nuclear…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-07-21 Niraj Gupta , Eric J. Roberts , Song Pang , C. Shan Xu , Harald F. Hess , Fan Wu , Abby Dernburg , Danielle Jorgens , Petrus H. Zwart , Vignesh Kasinath

Phase contrast transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a powerful tool for imaging the local atomic structure of materials. TEM has been used heavily in studies of defect structures of 2D materials such as monolayer graphene due to its…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-09-01 Robbie Sadre , Colin Ophus , Anstasiia Butko , Gunther H Weber

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) offers high-resolution images that are used to quantify the nanoscale atomic structure and composition of materials and biological specimens. In many cases, however, the resolution is limited…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-23 Daniel Nicholls , Alex Robinson , Jack Wells , Amirafshar Moshtaghpour , Mounib Bahri , Angus Kirkland , Nigel Browning

Automated experimentation with real time data analysis in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) often require end-to-end framework. The four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM) with high-throughput…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Mingyu Liu , Zian Mao , Zhu Liu , Haoran Zhang , Jintao Guo , Xiaoya He , Xi Huang , Shufen Chu , Chun Cheng , Jun Ding , Yujun Xie

State-of-the-art electron microscopes such as scanning electron microscopes (SEM), scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEM) and transmission electron microscopes (TEM) have become increasingly sophisticated. However, the quality of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-03-31 I. Lobato , T. Friedrich , S. Van Aert

Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images are often corrupted by noise, hindering their interpretation. To address this issue, we propose a deep learning-based approach using simulated images. Using density functional theory…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-01-22 Jinwoong Chae , Sungwook Hong , Sungkyu Kim , Sungroh Yoon , Gunn Kim

Transfer learning is widely used for training machine learning models. Here, we study the role of transfer learning for training fully convolutional networks (FCNs) for medical image segmentation. Our experiments show that although transfer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Davood Karimi , Simon K. Warfield , Ali Gholipour

Automated experiments in 4D Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy are implemented for rapid discovery of local structures, symmetry-breaking distortions, and internal electric and magnetic fields in complex materials. Deep kernel…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-04-22 Kevin M. Roccapriore , Ondrej Dyck , Mark P. Oxley , Maxim Ziatdinov , Sergei V. Kalinin

The use of accurate scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) image simulation methods require large computation times that can make their use infeasible for the simulation of many images. Other simulation methods based on linear…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Nick Lawrence , Mingren Shen , Ruiqi Yin , Cloris Feng , Dane Morgan

In recent years, Fully Convolutional Networks (FCN) has been widely used in various semantic segmentation tasks, including multi-modal remote sensing imagery. How to fuse multi-modal data to improve the segmentation performance has always…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-25 Shihao Sun , Lei Yang , Wenjie Liu , Ruirui Li

Implementation of a fast, robust, and fully-automated pipeline for crystal structure determination and underlying strain mapping for crystalline materials is important for many technological applications. Scanning electron nanodiffraction…

This paper reports on the use of a convolutional neural network (CNN) methodology to analyse fluorescence images of calcium-ion Coulomb crystals in the gas phase. A transfer-learning approach is adopted using the publicly available RESNET50…