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Open Set Recognition (OSR) extends image classification to an open-world setting, by simultaneously classifying known classes and identifying unknown ones. While conventional OSR approaches can detect Out-of-Distribution (OOD) samples, they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Piyapat Saranrittichai , Chaithanya Kumar Mummadi , Claudia Blaiotta , Mauricio Munoz , Volker Fischer

Deep neural networks have demonstrated prominent capacities for image classification tasks in a closed set setting, where the test data come from the same distribution as the training data. However, in a more realistic open set scenario,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Feiyang Cai , Zhenkai Zhang , Jie Liu , Xenofon Koutsoukos

Detecting test-time distribution shift has emerged as a key capability for safely deployed machine learning models, with the question being tackled under various guises in recent years. In this paper, we aim to provide a consolidated view…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Hongjun Wang , Sagar Vaze , Kai Han

Open-set image recognition (OSR) aims to both classify known-class samples and identify unknown-class samples in the testing set, which supports robust classifiers in many realistic applications, such as autonomous driving, medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jiayin Sun , Qiulei Dong

Open set recognition (OSR) is devised to address the problem of detecting novel classes during model inference. Even in recent vision models, this remains an open issue which is receiving increasing attention. Thereby, a crucial challenge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jiawen Xu , Odej Kao , Margret Keuper

The ability to identify whether or not a test sample belongs to one of the semantic classes in a classifier's training set is critical to practical deployment of the model. This task is termed open-set recognition (OSR) and has received…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Sagar Vaze , Kai Han , Andrea Vedaldi , Andrew Zisserman

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) data is a task that is receiving an increasing amount of research attention in the domain of deep learning for computer vision. However, the performance of detection methods is generally evaluated on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Guoxuan Xia , Christos-Savvas Bouganis

Machine learning-based techniques open up many opportunities and improvements to derive deeper and more practical insights from data that can help businesses make informed decisions. However, the majority of these techniques focus on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Atefeh Mahdavi , Marco Carvalho

Current state-of-the-art Wildlife classification models are trained under the closed world setting. When exposed to unknown classes, they remain overconfident in their predictions. Open-set Recognition (OSR) aims to classify known classes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jiahao Huo , Mufhumudzi Muthivhi , Terence L. van Zyl , Fredrik Gustafsson

In open-set semi-supervised learning (OSSL), we consider unlabeled datasets that may contain unknown classes. Existing OSSL methods often use the softmax confidence for classifying data as in-distribution (ID) or out-of-distribution (OOD).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Erik Wallin , Lennart Svensson , Fredrik Kahl , Lars Hammarstrand

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has received much attention lately due to its importance in the safe deployment of neural networks. One of the key challenges is that models lack supervision signals from unknown data, and as a result,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Xuefeng Du , Zhaoning Wang , Mu Cai , Yixuan Li

The reliability of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in open-world settings depends heavily on their ability to flag out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs unseen during training. Recent advances in large-scale vision-language models (VLMs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Faizul Rakib Sayem , Shahana Ibrahim

In real-world recognition/classification tasks, limited by various objective factors, it is usually difficult to collect training samples to exhaust all classes when training a recognizer or classifier. A more realistic scenario is open set…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Chuanxing Geng , Sheng-jun Huang , Songcan Chen

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection empowers the model trained on the closed image set to identify unknown data in the open world. Though many prior techniques have yielded considerable improvements in this research direction, two crucial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Sen Pei

Near out-of-distribution detection (OOD) is a major challenge for deep neural networks. We demonstrate that large-scale pre-trained transformers can significantly improve the state-of-the-art (SOTA) on a range of near OOD tasks across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Stanislav Fort , Jie Ren , Balaji Lakshminarayanan

This report provides a detailed description of the method we explored and proposed in the OSR Challenge at the OOD-CV Workshop during ECCV 2024. The challenge required identifying whether a test sample belonged to the semantic classes of a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Mingxu Feng , Dian Chao , Peng Zheng , Yang Yang

Out-of-distribution (OoD) detection is a natural downstream task for deep generative models, due to their ability to learn the input probability distribution. There are mainly two classes of approaches for OoD detection using deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Yujia Huang , Sihui Dai , Tan Nguyen , Richard G. Baraniuk , Anima Anandkumar

Unknown examples that are unseen during training often appear in real-world machine learning tasks, and an intelligent self-learning system should be able to distinguish between known and unknown examples. Accordingly, open set recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Jaeyeon Jang , Chang Ouk Kim

Open set recognition (OSR) is a critical aspect of machine learning, addressing the challenge of detecting novel classes during inference. Within the realm of deep learning, neural classifiers trained on a closed set of data typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Jiawen Xu , Margret Keuper

Traditional semi-supervised object detection methods assume a fixed set of object classes (in-distribution or ID classes) during training and deployment, which limits performance in real-world scenarios where unseen classes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Garvita Allabadi , Ana Lucic , Siddarth Aananth , Tiffany Yang , Yu-Xiong Wang , Vikram Adve
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