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We count tilings of the $n \times m$ rectangular grid, cylinder, and torus with arbitrary tile sets up to arbitrary symmetries of the square and rectangle, along with cyclic shifting of rows and columns. This provides a unifying framework…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Peter Kagey , William Keehn

Since the thesis of K. Reinhardt in 1918, it is well known that there are exactly three types of convex hexagons that can tile the plane. However, the proof of the fact is far from being complete. We prove this fact, under an assumption…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Ze Zhu , Erxiao Wang , Min Yan

The first author's recent unexpected discovery of torsion in the integral cohomology of the T\"ubingen Triangle Tiling has led to a re-evaluation of current descriptions of and calculational methods for the topological invariants associated…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-02-16 Franz Gähler , John Hunton , Johannes Kellendonk

In this note we use techniques in the topology of 2-complexes to recast some tools that have arisen in the study of planar tiling questions. With spherical pictures we show that the tile counting group associated to a set $T$ of tiles and a…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2015-07-10 Michael P. Hitchman

A rational triangle is a triangle with rational sides and rational area. A Heron triangle is a triangle with integral sides and integral area. In this article we will show that there exist infinitely many rational parametrizations, in terms…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ronald van Luijk

Consider a periodical (in two independent directions) tiling of the plane with polygons (faces). In this article we shall only give examples using squares, regular hexagons, equilateral triangles and parallelograms ("unions" of two…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2011-06-07 Jorge Rezende

We give a simple proof of T. Stehling's result, that in any normal tiling of the plane with convex polygons with number of sides not less than six, all tiles except the finite number are hexagons.

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2018-05-07 Arseniy Akopyan

In many mathematical models for pattern formation, a regular hexagonal pattern is stable in an infinite region. However, laboratory and numerical experiments are carried out in finite domains, and this imposes certain constraints on the…

patt-sol · Physics 2009-10-30 P. C. Matthews

A grid method using tiling by fundamental domain of simple 2D lattices is presented. It refer to a previous work done by Stampfli in $1986$ using two tilings by regular hexagons, one rotate by $\pi/2$ relatively to the other. This allows to…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-07-20 Jean-François Sadoc , Marianne Imperor-Clerc

This paper uses mathematics to analyze the challenges of geometrically noisy environments on triangulation. Given widely accepted algorithmic triangulation methods, such as O (n ln n) or a simpler O (n^3) method, we can mathematically prove…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Noah M. Kenney

We consider here square tilings of the plane. By extending the formalism introduced in [3] we build a correspondence between plane maps endowed with an harmonic vector and square tilings satisfying a condition of regularity. In the case of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-01-04 Mathieu Dutour Sikirić

The main purpose of this paper is to present a kneading theory for two-dimensional triangular maps. This is done by defining a tensor product between the polynomials and matrices corresponding to the one-dimensional basis map and fiber map.…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Diana A. Mendes , J. Sousa Ramos

We solve a problem of R. Nandakumar by proving that there is no tiling of the plane with pairwise noncongruent triangles of equal area and equal perimeter. We also show that no convex polygon with more than three sides can be tiled with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-04-12 Andrey Kupavskii , János Pach , Gábor Tardos

The hexagonal tiling honeycomb is a beautiful structure in 3-dimensional hyperbolic space. It is called {6,3,3} because each hexagon has 6 edges, 3 hexagons meet at each vertex in a Euclidean plane tiled by regular hexagons, and 3 such…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2024-12-03 John C. Baez

In this paper, we consider the problem of representing graphs by triangles whose sides touch. As a simple necessary condition, we show that pairs of vertices must have a small common neighborhood. On the positive side, we present linear…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2010-01-19 Emden R. Gansner , Yifan Hu , Stephen G. Kobourov

We consider tilings of a triangle $ABC$ by congruent copies of a triangle that has one angle equal to $120^\circ$, has non-commensurable angles (that is, not all angles are rational multiples of $\pi$), and is not similar to $ABC$. We prove…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-03 Michael Beeson , Yan X Zhang

An N -tiling of triangle ABC by triangle T is a way of writing ABC as a union of N triangles congruent to T, overlapping only at their boundaries. The triangle T is the "tile". The tile may or may not be similar to ABC . We wish to…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2012-06-12 Michael Beeson

This article deals with the construction of surfaces that are suitable for representing pentachords or 5-pitch segments that are in the same $T/I$ class. It is a generalization of the well known \"Ottingen-Riemann torus for triads of…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2013-01-21 Luis A. Piovan

If all tiles in a tiling are congruent, the tiling is called monohedral. Tiling by convex polygons is called edge-to-edge if any two convex polygons are either disjoint or share one vertex or one entire edge in common. In this paper, we…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2017-12-27 Teruhisa Sugimoto

Matt Blum conjectured that the number of tilings of a hexagonal dungeon with side-lengths $a,2a,b,a,2a,b$ (for $b\geq2a$) equals $13^{2a^2}14^{\lfloor a^2/2\rfloor}$. Ciucu and the author of the present paper proved the conjecture by using…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-04-02 Tri Lai
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