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Unsupervised anomaly detection in brain images is crucial for identifying injuries and pathologies without access to labels. However, the accurate localization of anomalies in medical images remains challenging due to the inherent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Farzad Beizaee , Gregory Lodygensky , Christian Desrosiers , Jose Dolz

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for the safety and reliability of artificial intelligence algorithms, especially in the medical domain. In the context of the Medical OOD (MOOD) detection challenge 2023, we propose a pipeline…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Evi M. C. Huijben , Sina Amirrajab , Josien P. W. Pluim

Anomaly detection (AD) plays a crucial role in many safety-critical application domains. The challenge of adapting an anomaly detector to drift in the normal data distribution, especially when no training data is available for the "new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Aodong Li , Chen Qiu , Marius Kloft , Padhraic Smyth , Maja Rudolph , Stephan Mandt

Chest X-Ray (CXR) is one of the most common diagnostic techniques used in everyday clinical practice all around the world. We hereby present a work which intends to investigate and analyse the use of Deep Learning (DL) techniques to extract…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-16 Leonardo Crespi , Daniele Loiacono , Arturo Chiti

Multi-class anomaly detection aims to build unified models across diverse product categories. However, as the number of categories grows, its performance often degrades due to increasingly complex and heterogeneous normal distributions. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yaoxuan Feng , Yuxin Li , Weijiang Lv , Zixuan Zhao , Yubiao Wang , Wenchao Chen , Bo Chen , Hongwei Liu

CXRs are a crucial and extraordinarily common diagnostic tool, leading to heavy research for CAD solutions. However, both high classification accuracy and meaningful model predictions that respect and incorporate clinical taxonomies are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Haomin Chen , Shun Miao , Daguang Xu , Gregory D. Hager , Adam P. Harrison

Graph anomaly detection (GAD) is a vital task since even a few anomalies can pose huge threats to benign users. Recent semi-supervised GAD methods, which can effectively leverage the available labels as prior knowledge, have achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Shuang Zhou , Xiao Huang , Ninghao Liu , Huachi Zhou , Fu-Lai Chung , Long-Kai Huang

Graph anomaly detection (GAD) is a vital task since even a few anomalies can pose huge threats to benign users. Recent semi-supervised GAD methods, which can effectively leverage the available labels as prior knowledge, have achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Shuang Zhou , Xiao Huang , Ninghao Liu , Fu-Lai Chung , Long-Kai Huang

Anomaly detection or more generally outliers detection is one of the most popular and challenging subject in theoretical and applied machine learning. The main challenge is that in general we have access to very few labeled data or no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Mansour Zoubeirou A Mayaki , Michel Riveill

Deep learning based approaches to Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) typically pose the problem as an image classification (Normal or Abnormal) problem. These systems achieve high to very high accuracy in specific disease detection for which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Aniket Joshi , Gaurav Mishra , Jayanthi Sivaswamy

Universal anomaly detection still remains a challenging problem in machine learning and medical image analysis. It is possible to learn an expected distribution from a single class of normative samples, e.g., through epistemic uncertainty…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Johanna P. Müller , Matthew Baugh , Jeremy Tan , Mischa Dombrowski , Bernhard Kainz

Chest radiography is a widely used imaging modality for thoracic disease diagnosis, yet its conventional interpretation remains time-consuming and heavily dependent on expert knowledge. While deep learning has improved diagnostic efficiency…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Duy Nguyen Huu , Duy Hoang Khuong , Ngu Huynh Cong Viet

The application of supervised models to clinical screening tasks is challenging due to the need for annotated data for each considered pathology. Unsupervised Anomaly Detection (UAD) is an alternative approach that aims to identify any…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-24 Finn Behrendt , Debayan Bhattacharya , Robin Mieling , Lennart Maack , Julia Krüger , Roland Opfer , Alexander Schlaefer

Anomaly detection is a critical task in industrial manufacturing, aiming to identify defective parts of products. Most industrial anomaly detection methods assume the availability of sufficient normal data for training. This assumption may…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Zhenyu Yan , Qingqing Fang , Wenxi Lv , Qinliang Su

Unsupervised anomaly segmentation aims to detect patterns that are distinct from any patterns processed during training, commonly called abnormal or out-of-distribution patterns, without providing any associated manual segmentations. Since…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-06 Ziyun Liang , Harry Anthony , Felix Wagner , Konstantinos Kamnitsas

The essence of unsupervised anomaly detection is to learn the compact distribution of normal samples and detect outliers as anomalies in testing. Meanwhile, the anomalies in real-world are usually subtle and fine-grained in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Ye Zheng , Xiang Wang , Rui Deng , Tianpeng Bao , Rui Zhao , Liwei Wu

Anomaly detection (AD), separating anomalies from normal data, has many applications across domains, from security to healthcare. While most previous works were shown to be effective for cases with fully or partially labeled data, that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Jinsung Yoon , Kihyuk Sohn , Chun-Liang Li , Sercan O. Arik , Chen-Yu Lee , Tomas Pfister

Background: Chest X-ray imaging-based abnormality localization, essential in diagnosing various diseases, faces significant clinical challenges due to complex interpretations and the growing workload of radiologists. While recent advances…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Haoyue Sheng , Linrui Ma , Jean-Francois Samson , Dianbo Liu

In this study, a new Anomaly Detection (AD) approach for industrial and medical images is proposed. This method leverages the theoretical strengths of unsupervised learning and the data availability of both normal and abnormal classes.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Arnaud Bougaham , Valentin Delchevalerie , Mohammed El Adoui , Benoît Frénay

Unsupervised anomaly detection is a critical task in many high-social-impact applications such as finance, healthcare, social media, and cybersecurity, where demographics involving age, gender, race, disease, etc, are used frequently. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Feng Xiao , Xiaoying Tang , Jicong Fan
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