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Operator learning offers a robust framework for approximating mappings between infinite-dimensional function spaces. It has also become a powerful tool for solving inverse problems in the computational sciences. This chapter surveys…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-08 Nicholas H. Nelsen , Yunan Yang

Deep learning is revolutionizing weather forecasting, with new data-driven models achieving accuracy on par with operational physical models for medium-term predictions. However, these models often lack interpretability, making their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-11 David Millard , Arielle Carr , Stéphane Gaudreault

Although deep learning has achieved remarkable success in various scientific machine learning applications, its opaque nature poses concerns regarding interpretability and generalization capabilities beyond the training data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Amirhossein Arzani , Lingxiao Yuan , Pania Newell , Bei Wang

Operator regression provides a powerful means of constructing discretization-invariant emulators for partial-differential equations (PDEs) describing physical systems. Neural operators specifically employ deep neural networks to approximate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Katiana Kontolati , Somdatta Goswami , George Em Karniadakis , Michael D. Shields

Nearly all model-reduction techniques project the governing equations onto a linear subspace of the original state space. Such subspaces are typically computed using methods such as balanced truncation, rational interpolation, the…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Kookjin Lee , Kevin Carlberg

Neural networks transform high-dimensional data into compact, structured representations, often modeled as elements of a lower dimensional latent space. In this paper, we present an alternative interpretation of neural models as dynamical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Marco Fumero , Luca Moschella , Emanuele Rodolà , Francesco Locatello

Salient Object Detection (SOD) with deep learning often requires substantial computational resources and large annotated datasets, making it impractical for resource-constrained applications. Lightweight models address computational demands…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Leonardo M. Joao , Jancarlo F. Gomes , Silvio J. F. Guimaraes , Ewa Kijak , Alexandre X. Falcao

Many problems in science and engineering involve time-dependent, high dimensional datasets arising from complex physical processes, which are costly to simulate. In this work, we propose WeldNet: Windowed Encoders for Learning Dynamics, a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-15 Biraj Dahal , Jiahui Cheng , Hao Liu , Rongjie Lai , Wenjing Liao

We propose a new approach to learning the subgrid-scale model when simulating partial differential equations (PDEs) solved by the method of lines and their representation in chaotic ordinary differential equations, based on neural ordinary…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-04-14 Shinhoo Kang , Emil M. Constantinescu

Autonomous driving technologies have received notable attention in the past decades. In autonomous driving systems, identifying a precise dynamical model for motion control is nontrivial due to the strong nonlinearity and uncertainty in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-11 Yongqian Xiao , Xinglong Zhang , Xin Xu , Xueqing Liu , Jiahang Liu

In analyzing and assessing the condition of dynamical systems, it is necessary to account for nonlinearity. Recent advances in computation have rendered previously computationally infeasible analyses readily executable on common computer…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Thomas Simpson , Nikolaos Dervilis , Eleni Chatzi

In this work, we introduce implicit Finite Operator Learning (iFOL) for the continuous and parametric solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) on arbitrary geometries. We propose a physics-informed encoder-decoder network to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Reza Najian Asl , Yusuke Yamazaki , Kianoosh Taghikhani , Mayu Muramatsu , Markus Apel , Shahed Rezaei

Understanding and mapping a new environment are core abilities of any autonomously navigating agent. While classical robotics usually estimates maps in a stand-alone manner with SLAM variants, which maintain a topological or metric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Pierre Marza , Laetitia Matignon , Olivier Simonin , Christian Wolf

LiDAR Odometry and Mapping (LOAM) is a pivotal technique for embodied-AI applications such as autonomous driving and robot navigation. Most existing LOAM frameworks are either contingent on the supervision signal, or lack of the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Zhiliu Yang , Jianyuan Zhang , Lianhui Zhao , Jinyu Dai , Zhu Yang

Recently, neural operators have emerged as powerful tools for learning mappings between function spaces, enabling data-driven simulations of complex dynamics. Despite their successes, a deeper understanding of their learning mechanisms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Wenhan Gao , Jian Luo , Fang Wan , Ruichen Xu , Xiang Liu , Haipeng Xing , Yi Liu

Nonlinear differential equations are encountered as models of fluid flow, spiking neurons, and many other systems of interest in the real world. Common features of these systems are that their behaviors are difficult to describe exactly and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Zexin Sun , Mingyu Chen , John Baillieul

Neural ordinary differential equations (NODEs) are geometric deep learning models based on dynamical systems and flows generated by vector fields on manifolds. Despite numerous successful applications, particularly within the flow matching…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Per Åhag , Alexander Friedrich , Fredrik Ohlsson , Viktor Vigren Näslund

Classification is a core topic in functional data analysis. A large number of functional classifiers have been proposed in the literature, most of which are based on functional principal component analysis or functional regression. In…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-14 Ruoxu Tan , Yiming Zang

We present a new approach to 3D object representation where a neural network encodes the geometry of an object directly into the weights and biases of a second 'mapping' network. This mapping network can be used to reconstruct an object by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Eric Mitchell , Selim Engin , Volkan Isler , Daniel D Lee

In this paper, we combine deep learning concepts and some proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) model reduction methods for predicting flow in heterogeneous porous media. Nonlinear flow dynamics is studied, where the dynamics is regarded as…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-12 Siu Wun Cheung , Eric T. Chung , Yalchin Efendiev , Eduardo Gildin , Yating Wang , Jingyan Zhang