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Operator learning has emerged as a promising paradigm for developing efficient surrogate models to solve partial differential equations (PDEs). However, existing approaches often overlook the domain knowledge inherent in the underlying PDEs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Ziqian Li , Kang Liu , Yongcun Song , Hangrui Yue , Enrique Zuazua

Learning dynamics governed by differential equations is crucial for predicting and controlling the systems in science and engineering. Neural Ordinary Differential Equation (NODE), a deep learning model integrated with differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Shiqi Gong , Qi Meng , Yue Wang , Lijun Wu , Wei Chen , Zhi-Ming Ma , Tie-Yan Liu

Operator learning has emerged as a promising paradigm for approximating solution operators of partial differential equations (PDEs). However, conventional approaches typically rely on pointwise function discretizations, which often suffer…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Chuqi Chen , Yang Xiang , Weihong Zhang

Autoencoders are a widespread tool in machine learning to transform high-dimensional data into a lowerdimensional representation which still exhibits the essential characteristics of the input. The encoder provides an embedding from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Juliane Braunsmann , Marko Rajković , Martin Rumpf , Benedikt Wirth

Classical neural networks are known for their ability to approximate mappings between finite-dimensional spaces, but they fall short in capturing complex operator dynamics across infinite-dimensional function spaces. Neural operators, in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Bo Zhang

We propose the Manifold Function Encoder (MFE) for identifying different functions defined on different manifolds. Both a manifold in Euclidean space and a function defined on this manifold can be viewed as bounded linear functionals on a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-24 Jun Hu , Pengzhan Jin , Weijun Zhang

Understanding and modeling nonlinear dynamical systems is a fundamental challenge across science and engineering. Deep learning has shown remarkable potential for capturing complex system behavior, yet achieving models that are both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Wei Liu , Kiran Bacsa , Loon Ching Tang , Eleni Chatzi

Traditional linear subspace reduced order models (LS-ROMs) are able to accelerate physical simulations, in which the intrinsic solution space falls into a subspace with a small dimension, i.e., the solution space has a small Kolmogorov…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-06 Youngkyu Kim , Youngsoo Choi , David Widemann , Tarek Zohdi

Fast and accurate predictions for complex physical dynamics are a significant challenge across various applications. Real-time prediction on resource-constrained hardware is even more crucial in real-world problems. The deep operator…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jae Yong Lee , Sung Woong Cho , Hyung Ju Hwang

Unsteady fluid systems are nonlinear high-dimensional dynamical systems that may exhibit multiple complex phenomena both in time and space. Reduced Order Modeling (ROM) of fluid flows has been an active research topic in the recent decade…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-10-05 Hamidreza Eivazi , Hadi Veisi , Mohammad Hossein Naderi , Vahid Esfahanian

Manifold learning (ML), known also as non-linear dimension reduction, is a set of methods to find the low dimensional structure of data. Dimension reduction for large, high dimensional data is not merely a way to reduce the data; the new…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-11-08 Marina Meilă , Hanyu Zhang

Non-linear manifold learning enables high-dimensional data analysis, but requires out-of-sample-extension methods to process new data points. In this paper, we propose a manifold learning algorithm based on deep learning to create an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-06-26 Gal Mishne , Uri Shaham , Alexander Cloninger , Israel Cohen

Traditional linear subspace reduced order models (LS-ROMs) are able to accelerate physical simulations, in which the intrinsic solution space falls into a subspace with a small dimension, i.e., the solution space has a small Kolmogorov…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-11-17 Youngkyu Kim , Youngsoo Choi , David Widemann , Tarek Zohdi

The problem of identifying geometric structure in data is a cornerstone of (unsupervised) learning. As a result, Geometric Representation Learning has been widely applied across scientific and engineering domains. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Imran Nasim , Melanie Weber

Learned denoisers play a fundamental role in various signal generation (e.g., diffusion models) and reconstruction (e.g., compressed sensing) architectures, whose success derives from their ability to leverage low-dimensional structure in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Shiyu Wang , Mariam Avagyan , Yihan Shen , Arnaud Lamy , Tingran Wang , Szabolcs Márka , Zsuzsa Márka , John Wright

Molecular representations fundamentally shape how machine learning systems reason about molecular structure and physical properties. Most existing approaches adopt a discrete pipeline: molecules are encoded as sequences, graphs, or point…

While it is widely known that neural networks are universal approximators of continuous functions, a less known and perhaps more powerful result is that a neural network with a single hidden layer can approximate accurately any nonlinear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Lu Lu , Pengzhan Jin , George Em Karniadakis

System identification has greatly benefited from deep learning techniques, particularly for modeling complex, nonlinear dynamical systems with partially unknown physics where traditional approaches may not be feasible. However, deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Marco Forgione , Ankush Chakrabarty , Dario Piga , Matteo Rufolo , Alberto Bemporad

Nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods provide a valuable means to visualize and interpret high-dimensional data. However, many popular methods can fail dramatically, even on simple two-dimensional manifolds, due to problems such as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-08 Daniel Ting , Michael I. Jordan

Supervised operator learning is an emerging machine learning paradigm with applications to modeling the evolution of spatio-temporal dynamical systems and approximating general black-box relationships between functional data. We propose a…