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Related papers: Protostellar-disc fragmentation across all metalli…

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Nearly-axisymmetric gaps and rings are commonly observed in protoplanetary discs. The leading theory regarding the origin of these patterns is that they are due to dust trapping at the edges of gas gaps induced by the gravitational torques…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-25 Linn E. J. Eriksson , Anders Johansen , Beibei Liu

The isothermal dynamical evolution of a clumpy and turbulent molecular cloud region and its fragmentation into a protostellar cluster is investigated numerically. The effect of different initial density and velocity distributions, generated…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Ralf S. Klessen , Andreas Burkert

Star formation is intimately linked to the dynamical evolution of molecular clouds. Turbulent fragmentation determines where and when protostellar cores form, and how they contract and grow in mass via accretion from the surrounding cloud…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ralf Klessen

Accretion disks that become gravitationally unstable can fragment into stellar or sub-stellar companions. The formation and survival of these fragments depends on the precarious balance between self-gravity, internal pressure, tidal…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Kaitlin M. Kratter , Ruth A. Murray-Clay

Radially compact protoplanetary discs (<=50 au) are ubiquitous in nearby star-forming regions. Multiple mechanisms have been invoked to interpret various compact discs. In this paper, we propose that fragmentation of fragile dust grains in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-10 Simin Tong , Richard Alexander

Abridged: We use three-dimensional SPH simulations to investigate the collapse of low-mass prestellar cores and the formation and early evolution of protostellar discs. The initial conditions are slightly supercritical Bonnor-Ebert spheres…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-13 S. Walch , A. Burkert , A. Whitworth , T. Naab , M. Gritschneder

Hot accretion disks around massive protostars provide a unique opportunity to study ice-free silicate grains that cannot be investigated in protoplanetary disks. We conduct a self-consistent investigation into grain-size evolution and its…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-26 Ryota Yamamuro , Kei E. I. Tanaka , Satoshi Okuzumi

Star formation generally proceeds inside-out, with overdense regions inside protostellar cores collapsing rapidly and progressively less dense regions following later. Consequently, a small protostar will form early in the evolution of a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Mark R. Krumholz

We report the statistical properties of stars and brown dwarfs obtained from four radiation hydrodynamical simulations of star cluster formation, the metallicities of which span a range from 1/100 to 3 times the solar value. Unlike previous…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-15 Matthew R. Bate

We analyze the time evolution of the luminosity of a cluster of Population III protostars formed in the early universe. We argue from the Jeans criterion that primordial gas can collapse to form a cluster of first stars that evolve…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-24 Alexander L. DeSouza , Shantanu Basu

The exoplanet diversity has been linked to the disc environment in which they form, where the host star metallicity and the formation pathways play a crucial role. In the context of the core accretion paradigm, the initial stages of planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-13 Geoffrey Andama , Jingyi Mah , Bertram Bitsch

Over the past 25 years, observations have uncovered a large population of free-floating planets (FFPs), whose origins remain debated. Massive FFPs (several Jupiter masses or more) may form via gravitational collapse of molecular clouds,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-21 Aleksandra Ćalović , Sergei Nayakshin , Sarah Casewell , Núria Miret-Roig

Grain growth and fragmentation are important processes in building up large dust aggregates in protoplanetary discs. Using a 3D two-phase (gas-dust) SPH code, we investigate the combined effects of growth and fragmentation of a multi-phase…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Francesco C. Pignatale , Jean-François Gonzalez , Bernard Bourdon , Caroline Fitoussi

We present a numerical model for the evolution of a protostellar disc that has formed self-consistently from the collapse of a molecular cloud core. The global evolution of the disc is followed for several million years after its formation.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 E. I. Vorobyov , S. Basu

The very first stars to form in the Universe heralded an end to the cosmic dark ages and introduced new physical processes that shaped early cosmic evolution. Until now, it was thought that these stars lived short, solitary lives, with only…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Paul C. Clark , Simon C. O. Glover , Rowan J. Smith , Thomas H. Greif , Ralf S. Klessen , Volker Bromm

The formation of planetesimals in protoplanetary disks due to collisional sticking of smaller dust aggregates has to face at least two severe obstacles, namely the rapid loss of material due to radial inward drift and particle fragmentation…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 F. Brauer , Th. Henning , C. P. Dullemond

The formation and evolution of galactic disks are complex phenomena, where gas and star dynamics are coupled through star formation and the related feedback. The physical processes are so numerous and intricate that numerical models focus,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 B. Semelin , F. Combes

It has already been shown, using a local model, that accretion discs with cooling times t_cool <= 3 Omega^-1 fragment into gravitationally bound objects, while those with cooling times t_cool > 3 Omega^-1 evolve into a quasi-steady state.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 W. K. M. Rice , P. J. Armitage , I. A. Bonnell , M. R. Bate

A key problem in protoplanetary disc evolution is understanding the efficiency of dust radial drift. This process makes the observed dust disc sizes shrink on relatively short timescales, implying that discs started much larger than what we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-04 Claudia Toci , Giovanni Rosotti , Giuseppe Lodato , Leonardo Testi , Leon Trapman

Dozens of planets and brown dwarfs are known to orbit one component of tight stellar binaries ($a_{\rm bin} \lesssim 20$ au), despite circumstellar discs in such systems being truncated to radii of only $\sim (0.2-5)$ au. This presents a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-04 Luyao Zhang , Sergei Nayakshin , Clement Baruteau , Philippe Thebault , Eduard I. Vorobyov