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Federated learning is an emerging privacy-preserving AI technique where clients (i.e., organisations or devices) train models locally and formulate a global model based on the local model updates without transferring local data externally.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Sin Kit Lo , Yue Liu , Qinghua Lu , Chen Wang , Xiwei Xu , Hye-Young Paik , Liming Zhu

Federated learning is a privacy-focused approach towards machine learning where models are trained on client devices with locally available data and aggregated at a central server. However, the dependence on a single central server is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Shamik Bhattacharyya , Rachel Kalpana Kalaimani

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a prospective solution for collaboratively learning a shared model across clients without sacrificing their data privacy. However, the federated learned model tends to be biased against certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Syed Irfan Ali Meerza , Luyang Liu , Jiaxin Zhang , Jian Liu

Federated learning (FL) schemes allow multiple participants to collaboratively train neural networks without the need to directly share the underlying data.However, in early schemes, all participants eventually obtain the same model.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Janis Adamek , Moritz Schulze Darup

Quantum federated learning (QFL) has recently emerged as a promising paradigm for privacy-preserving collaborative learning, yet most existing studies focus on horizontal federated learning and ignore the vertical federated learning (VFL),…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Hao Luo , Zhiyuan Zhai , Qianli Zhou , Jun Qi , Yong Deng , Xin Wang

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving learning paradigm that allows multiple parities to jointly train a powerful machine learning model without sharing their private data. According to the form of collaboration, FL can be further…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Haiqin Weng , Juntao Zhang , Xingjun Ma , Feng Xue , Tao Wei , Shouling Ji , Zhiyuan Zong

Federated Learning (FL) enables data owners to train a shared global model without sharing their private data. Unfortunately, FL is susceptible to an intrinsic fairness issue: due to heterogeneity in clients' data distributions, the final…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Hamid Mozaffari , Amir Houmansadr

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning scheme to train a shared model across clients. One common and fundamental challenge in FL is that the sets of data across clients could be non-identically distributed and have different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Junyi Zhu , Xingchen Ma , Matthew B. Blaschko

Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) has revolutionised collaborative machine learning by enabling privacy-preserving model training across multiple parties. However, it remains vulnerable to information leakage during intermediate computation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Achmad Ginanjar , Xue Li , Priyanka Singh , Wen Hua

Federated Learning (FL) is a learning paradigm that protects privacy by keeping client data on edge devices. However, optimizing FL in practice can be difficult due to the diversity and heterogeneity of the learning system. Despite recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Yongxin Guo , Tao Lin , Xiaoying Tang

Federated learning is an emerging technology for training machine learning models across decentralized data sources without sharing data. Vertical federated learning, also known as feature-based federated learning, applies to scenarios…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Zhenan Fan , Huang Fang , Xinglu Wang , Zirui Zhou , Jian Pei , Michael P. Friedlander , Yong Zhang

Federated learning is a distributed machine learning method that aims to preserve the privacy of sample features and labels. In a federated learning system, ID-based sample alignment approaches are usually applied with few efforts made on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-12 Yang Liu , Xiong Zhang , Libin Wang

Federated learning is a popular collaborative learning approach that enables clients to train a global model without sharing their local data. Vertical federated learning (VFL) deals with scenarios in which the data on clients have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Jingwei Sun , Ziyue Xu , Dong Yang , Vishwesh Nath , Wenqi Li , Can Zhao , Daguang Xu , Yiran Chen , Holger R. Roth

With the popularization of AI solutions for image based problems, there has been a growing concern for both data privacy and acquisition. In a large number of cases, information is located on separate data silos and it can be difficult for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Paul K. Mandal , Cole Leo

Federated Learning (FL) is a novel privacy-protection distributed machine learning paradigm that guarantees user privacy and prevents the risk of data leakage due to the advantage of the client's local training. Researchers have struggled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Kangkang Sun , Xiaojin Zhang , Xi Lin , Gaolei Li , Jing Wang , Jianhua Li

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative training while preserving privacy, yet it introduces a critical challenge: the "illusion of fairness''. A global model, usually evaluated on the server, appears fair on average while keeping…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xenia Heilmann , Luca Corbucci , Mattia Cerrato , Anna Monreale

Fair machine learning has become a significant research topic with broad societal impact. However, most fair learning methods require direct access to personal demographic data, which is increasingly restricted to use for protecting user…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Hui Hu , Yijun Liu , Zhen Wang , Chao Lan

Federated learning allows multiple parties to build machine learning models collaboratively without exposing data. In particular, vertical federated learning (VFL) enables participating parties to build a joint machine learning model based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yan Kang , Yang Liu , Xinle Liang

As data privacy is gradually valued by people, federated learning(FL) has emerged because of its potential to protect data. FL uses homomorphic encryption and differential privacy encryption on the promise of ensuring data security to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Song WenJie , Shen Xuan

Federated learning (FL) is a paradigm where many clients collaboratively train a model under the coordination of a central server, while keeping the training data locally stored. However, heterogeneous data distributions over different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Yaqi Sun , Shijing Si , Jianzong Wang , Yuhan Dong , Zhitao Zhu , Jing Xiao