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Structural data well exists in Web applications, such as social networks in social media, citation networks in academic websites, and threads data in online forums. Due to the complex topology, it is difficult to process and make use of the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Juntao Tan , Shijie Geng , Zuohui Fu , Yingqiang Ge , Shuyuan Xu , Yunqi Li , Yongfeng Zhang

Explaining the decision-making processes of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models is crucial for addressing their "black box" nature, particularly in tasks like image classification. Traditional eXplainable AI (XAI) methods typically rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Yifei Zhang , Tianxu Jiang , Bo Pan , Jingyu Wang , Guangji Bai , Liang Zhao

Graph Contrastive Learning (GCL) relies on semantically consistent graph augmentations, but common local perturbations provide limited control over global structural consistency, motivating a more principled global augmentation strategy. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Nero Z. Li , Xuehao Zhai , Zhichao Shi , Boshen Shi , Xuhui Jiang

Graph Contrastive Learning (GCL) establishes a new paradigm for learning graph representations without human annotations. Although remarkable progress has been witnessed recently, the success behind GCL is still left somewhat mysterious. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Yanqiao Zhu , Yichen Xu , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu

Counterfactual explanations (CFEs) are a popular approach for interpreting machine learning predictions by identifying minimal feature changes that alter model outputs. However, in real-world settings, users often refine feasibility…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Christos Fragkathoulas , Evaggelia Pitoura

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) achieve state-of-the-art performance in various graph-related tasks. However, the black-box nature often limits their interpretability and trustworthiness. Numerous explainability methods have been proposed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Jialin Chen , Kenza Amara , Junchi Yu , Rex Ying

With the ongoing rise of machine learning, the need for methods for explaining decisions made by artificial intelligence systems is becoming a more and more important topic. Especially for image classification tasks, many state-of-the-art…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Silvan Mertes , Tobias Huber , Katharina Weitz , Alexander Heimerl , Elisabeth André

Counterfactual explanation is an important Explainable AI technique to explain machine learning predictions. Despite being studied actively, existing optimization-based methods often assume that the underlying machine-learning model is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Wenzhuo Yang , Jia Li , Caiming Xiong , Steven C. H. Hoi

Counterfactual explanations (CEs) are a practical tool for demonstrating why machine learning classifiers make particular decisions. For CEs to be useful, it is important that they are easy for users to interpret. Existing methods for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Lisa Schut , Oscar Key , Rory McGrath , Luca Costabello , Bogdan Sacaleanu , Medb Corcoran , Yarin Gal

Graph Contrastive Learning (GCL) is a widely adopted approach in self-supervised graph representation learning, applying contrastive objectives to produce effective representations. However, current GCL methods primarily focus on capturing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Dongxiao He , Yongqi Huang , Jitao Zhao , Xiaobao Wang , Zhen Wang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have various practical applications, such as drug discovery, recommendation engines, and chip design. However, GNNs lack transparency as they cannot provide understandable explanations for their predictions. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Samidha Verma , Burouj Armgaan , Sourav Medya , Sayan Ranu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are widely used in many modern applications, necessitating explanations for their decisions. However, the complexity of GNNs makes it difficult to explain predictions. Even though several methods have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Tien-Cuong Bui , Van-Duc Le , Wen-Syan Li , Sang Kyun Cha

Graph neural networks (GNNs) find applications in various domains such as computational biology, natural language processing, and computer security. Owing to their popularity, there is an increasing need to explain GNN predictions since…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Mert Kosan , Zexi Huang , Sourav Medya , Sayan Ranu , Ambuj Singh

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are effective for node classification in graph-structured data, but they lack explainability, especially at the global level. Current research mainly utilizes subgraphs of the input as local explanations or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Dominik Köhler , Stefan Heindorf

Machine learning models that operate on graph-structured data, such as molecular graphs or social networks, often make accurate predictions but offer little insight into why certain predictions are made. Counterfactual explanations address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 David Bechtoldt , Sidney Bender

Counterfactual explanations of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) offer a powerful way to understand data that can naturally be represented by a graph structure. Furthermore, in many domains, it is highly desirable to derive data-driven global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Danqing Wang , Antonis Antoniades , Kha-Dinh Luong , Edwin Zhang , Mert Kosan , Jiachen Li , Ambuj Singh , William Yang Wang , Lei Li

Graph-structured data are pervasive in the real-world such as social networks, molecular graphs and transaction networks. Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved great success in representation learning on graphs, facilitating various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Zhimeng Guo , Teng Xiao , Zongyu Wu , Charu Aggarwal , Hui Liu , Suhang Wang

In recent years, continual learning (CL) techniques have made significant progress in learning from streaming data while preserving knowledge across sequential tasks, particularly in the realm of euclidean data. To foster fair evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Tianqi Zhao , Alan Hanjalic , Megha Khosla

Recently, neural topic models (NTMs) have been incorporated into pre-trained language models (PLMs), to capture the global semantic information for text summarization. However, in these methods, there remain limitations in the way they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Qianqian Xie , Jimin Huang , Tulika Saha , Sophia Ananiadou

Post-hoc explanation methods have become a critical tool for understanding black-box classifiers in high-stakes applications. However, high-performing classifiers are often highly nonlinear and can exhibit complex behavior around the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Davin Hill , Aria Masoomi , Max Torop , Sandesh Ghimire , Jennifer Dy