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The deep Q-network (DQN) and return-based reinforcement learning are two promising algorithms proposed in recent years. DQN brings advances to complex sequential decision problems, while return-based algorithms have advantages in making use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Wenjia Meng , Qian Zheng , Long Yang , Pengfei Li , Gang Pan

Soft Q-learning has emerged as a versatile model-free method for entropy-regularised reinforcement learning, optimising for returns augmented with a penalty on the divergence from a reference policy. Despite its success, the multi-step…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Pranav Mahajan , Ben Seymour

While off-policy temporal difference (TD) methods have widely been used in reinforcement learning due to their efficiency and simple implementation, their Bayesian counterparts have not been utilized as frequently. One reason is that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-25 Heejin Jeong , Clark Zhang , George J. Pappas , Daniel D. Lee

The constrained Markov decision process (CMDP) framework emerges as an important reinforcement learning approach for imposing safety or other critical objectives while maximizing cumulative reward. However, the current understanding of how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Tian Tian , Lin F. Yang , Csaba Szepesvári

We consider off-policy temporal-difference (TD) learning methods for policy evaluation in Markov decision processes with finite spaces and discounted reward criteria, and we present a collection of convergence results for several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-30 Huizhen Yu

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) have received rising interest due to its appealing data efficiency. The present study addresses behavior estimation, a task that lays the foundation of many offline RL algorithms. Behavior estimation aims…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Guoxi Zhang , Hisashi Kashima

We pursue a life-long learning approach to artificial intelligence that makes extensive use of reinforcement learning algorithms. We build on our prior work with general value functions (GVFs) and the Horde architecture. GVFs have been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-06-28 Adam White , Joseph Modayil , Richard S. Sutton

Offline policy evaluation is a fundamental statistical problem in reinforcement learning that involves estimating the value function of some decision-making policy given data collected by a potentially different policy. In order to tackle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Juan C. Perdomo , Akshay Krishnamurthy , Peter Bartlett , Sham Kakade

Deep reinforcement learning can learn effective policies for a wide range of tasks, but is notoriously difficult to use due to instability and sensitivity to hyperparameters. The reasons for this remain unclear. When using standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Aviral Kumar , Abhishek Gupta , Sergey Levine

In this work, we present the first finite-time analysis of Q-learning with time-varying learning policies (i.e., on-policy sampling) for discounted Markov decision processes under minimal assumptions, requiring only the existence of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Phalguni Nanda , Zaiwei Chen

``Distribution shift'' is the main obstacle to the success of offline reinforcement learning. A learning policy may take actions beyond the behavior policy's knowledge, referred to as Out-of-Distribution (OOD) actions. The Q-values for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Jing Zhang , Linjiajie Fang , Kexin Shi , Wenjia Wang , Bing-Yi Jing

This paper extends off-policy reinforcement learning to the multi-agent case in which a set of networked agents communicating with their neighbors according to a time-varying graph collaboratively evaluates and improves a target policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Wesley Suttle , Zhuoran Yang , Kaiqing Zhang , Zhaoran Wang , Tamer Basar , Ji Liu

Off-policy reinforcement learning has many applications including: learning from demonstration, learning multiple goal seeking policies in parallel, and representing predictive knowledge. Recently there has been an proliferation of new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-01 Adam White , Martha White

Model predictive control can optimally deal with nonlinear systems under consideration of constraints. The control performance depends on the model accuracy and the prediction horizon. Recent advances propose to use reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Dean Brandner , Sergio Lucia

Advanced reasoning in LLMs on challenging domains like mathematical reasoning can be tackled using verifiable rewards based reinforced fine-tuning (ReFT). In standard ReFT frameworks, a behavior model generates multiple completions with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Maxime Heuillet , Yufei Cui , Boxing Chen , Audrey Durand , Prasanna Parthasarathi

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to find an optimal policy for Markov decision processes (MDPs) using a pre-collected dataset. In this work, we revisit the linear programming (LP) reformulation of Markov decision processes for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Asuman Ozdaglar , Sarath Pattathil , Jiawei Zhang , Kaiqing Zhang

In this paper we discuss policy iteration methods for approximate solution of a finite-state discounted Markov decision problem, with a focus on feature-based aggregation methods and their connection with deep reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-23 Dimitri P. Bertsekas

In order for reinforcement learning techniques to be useful in real-world decision making processes, they must be able to produce robust performance from limited data. Deep policy optimization methods have achieved impressive results on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-22 James Queeney , Ioannis Ch. Paschalidis , Christos G. Cassandras

Model-free deep reinforcement learning has been shown to exhibit good performance in domains ranging from video games to simulated robotic manipulation and locomotion. However, model-free methods are known to perform poorly when the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-20 Tuomas Haarnoja , Vitchyr Pong , Aurick Zhou , Murtaza Dalal , Pieter Abbeel , Sergey Levine

Off-policy learning refers to the problem of learning the value function of a way of behaving, or policy, while following a different policy. Gradient-based off-policy learning algorithms, such as GTD and TDC/GQ, converge even when using…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-12-15 Lucas Lehnert , Doina Precup