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In the traditional federated learning setting, a central server coordinates a network of clients to train one global model. However, the global model may serve many clients poorly due to data heterogeneity. Moreover, there may not exist a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Yi Sui , Junfeng Wen , Yenson Lau , Brendan Leigh Ross , Jesse C. Cresswell

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning technique designed to preserve data privacy and security, and it has gained significant importance due to its broad range of applications. This paper addresses the problem of optimal…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-16 Tony Cai , Abhinav Chakraborty , Lasse Vuursteen

This book offers a hands-on introduction to building and understanding federated learning (FL) systems. FL enables multiple devices -- such as smartphones, sensors, or local computers -- to collaboratively train machine learning (ML)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 A. Jung

Federated learning has emerged in the last decade as a distributed optimization paradigm due to the rapidly increasing number of portable devices able to support the heavy computational needs related to the training of machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Emanuel Buttaci , Giuseppe Carlo Calafiore

Federated learning (FL) is a distributed paradigm that coordinates massive local clients to collaboratively train a global model via stage-wise local training processes on the heterogeneous dataset. Previous works have implicitly studied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Li Shen , Yan Sun , Dacheng Tao

Federated learning is proposed as an alternative to centralized machine learning since its client-server structure provides better privacy protection and scalability in real-world applications. In many applications, such as smart homes with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Yuchen Zhao , Payam Barnaghi , Hamed Haddadi

Federated Learning (FL) provides decentralised model training, which effectively tackles problems such as distributed data and privacy preservation. However, the generalisation of global models frequently faces challenges from data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Ozgu Goksu , Nicolas Pugeault

Federated learning has emerged as a powerful framework for analysing distributed data, yet two challenges remain pivotal: heterogeneity across sites and privacy of local data. In this paper, we address both challenges within a federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Mengchu Li , Ye Tian , Yang Feng , Yi Yu

Federated Learning is a distributed machine-learning environment that allows clients to learn collaboratively without sharing private data. This is accomplished by exchanging parameters. However, the differences in data distributions and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Kuang Hangdong , Mi Bo

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a groundbreaking distributed learning paradigm enabling clients to train a global model collaboratively without exchanging data. Despite enhancing privacy and efficiency in information retrieval and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Long Tan Le , Tuan Dung Nguyen , Tung-Anh Nguyen , Choong Seon Hong , Suranga Seneviratne , Wei Bao , Nguyen H. Tran

Federated learning describes the distributed training of models across multiple clients while keeping the data private on-device. In this work, we view the server-orchestrated federated learning process as a hierarchical latent variable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Christos Louizos , Matthias Reisser , Joseph Soriaga , Max Welling

Federated learning (FL) is an important technique for learning models from decentralized data in a privacy-preserving way. Existing FL methods usually uniformly sample clients for local model learning in each round. However, different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Tao Qi , Fangzhao Wu , Lingjuan Lyu , Yongfeng Huang , Xing Xie

Federated learning is a new distributed machine learning framework, where a bunch of heterogeneous clients collaboratively train a model without sharing training data. In this work, we consider a practical and ubiquitous issue when…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-09-06 Yikai Yan , Chaoyue Niu , Yucheng Ding , Zhenzhe Zheng , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen , Shaojie Tang , Zhihua Wu

In this paper we envision a federated learning (FL) scenario in service of amending the performance of autonomous road vehicles, through a drone traffic monitor (DTM), that also acts as an orchestrator. Expecting non-IID data distribution,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Igor Donevski , Jimmy Jessen Nielsen , Petar Popovski

One of the most challenging issues in federated learning is that the data is often not independent and identically distributed (nonIID). Clients are expected to contribute the same type of data and drawn from one global distribution.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Hung Nguyen , Peiyuan Wu , Morris Chang

Federated learning is a distributed machine learning method in which a single server and multiple clients collaboratively build machine learning models without sharing datasets on clients. Numerous methods have been proposed to cope with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Koji Matsuda , Yuya Sasaki , Chuan Xiao , Makoto Onizuka

With the growth of machine learning techniques, privacy of data of users has become a major concern. Most of the machine learning algorithms rely heavily on large amount of data which may be collected from various sources. Collecting these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Mahfuzur Rahman Chowdhury , Muhammad Ibrahim

By letting local clients perform multiple local updates before communicating with a parameter server, modern federated learning algorithms such as FedAvg tackle the communication bottleneck problem in distributed learning and have found…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Jie Liu , Yongqiang Wang

Federated learning uses a set of techniques to efficiently distribute the training of a machine learning algorithm across several devices, who own the training data. These techniques critically rely on reducing the communication cost -- the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Lukang Sun , Adil Salim , Peter Richtárik

As a popular paradigm of distributed learning, personalized federated learning (PFL) allows personalized models to improve generalization ability and robustness by utilizing knowledge from all distributed clients. Most existing PFL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Guanghao Li , Wansen Wu , Yan Sun , Li Shen , Baoyuan Wu , Dacheng Tao