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Despite the huge progress in myriad generation tasks, pretrained language models (LMs) such as GPT2 still tend to generate repetitive texts with maximization-based decoding algorithms for open-ended generation. We attribute their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Jian Guan , Minlie Huang

There are a number of diverging hypotheses about the neural text degeneration problem, i.e., generating repetitive and dull loops, which makes this problem both interesting and confusing. In this work, we aim to advance our understanding by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Huayang Li , Tian Lan , Zihao Fu , Deng Cai , Lemao Liu , Nigel Collier , Taro Watanabe , Yixuan Su

The decoding algorithm is critical for open-ended text generation, transforming latent representations into coherent and meaningful outputs. This paper investigates the self-reinforcement effect in text generation and the effectiveness of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Wenhong Zhu , Hongkun Hao , Rui Wang

Likelihood training and maximization-based decoding result in dull and repetitive generated texts even when using powerful language models (Holtzman et al., 2019). Adding a loss function for regularization was shown to improve text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-13 Evgeny Lagutin , Daniil Gavrilov , Pavel Kalaidin

The wave of pre-training language models has been continuously improving the quality of the machine-generated conversations, however, some of the generated responses still suffer from excessive repetition, sometimes repeating words from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Yadong Xi , Jiashu Pu , Xiaoxi Mao

A repetition is a response that repeats words in the previous speaker's utterance in a dialogue. Repetitions are essential in communication to build trust with others, as investigated in linguistic studies. In this work, we focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Toshiki Kawamoto , Hidetaka Kamigaito , Kotaro Funakoshi , Manabu Okumura

Text generation tasks, including translation, summarization, language models, and etc. see rapid growth during recent years. Despite the remarkable achievements, the repetition problem has been observed in nearly all text generation models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Zihao Fu , Wai Lam , Anthony Man-Cho So , Bei Shi

Deep-learning models for language generation tasks tend to produce repetitive output. Various methods have been proposed to encourage lexical diversity during decoding, but this often comes at a cost to the perceived fluency and adequacy of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Giulio Zhou , Gerasimos Lampouras

Neural text generation is a key tool in natural language applications, but it is well known there are major problems at its core. In particular, standard likelihood training and decoding leads to dull and repetitive outputs. While some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Sean Welleck , Ilia Kulikov , Stephen Roller , Emily Dinan , Kyunghyun Cho , Jason Weston

Despite their growing capabilities, language models still frequently reproduce content from their training data, generate repetitive text, and favor common grammatical patterns and vocabulary. A possible cause is the decoding strategy: the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Giorgio Franceschelli , Mirco Musolesi

Conditional story generation and contextual text continuation have become increasingly popular topics in NLP community. Existing models are often prone to output paragraphs of texts that gradually diverge from the given prompt. Although the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Ruixiao Sun , Jie Yang , Mehrdad Yousefzadeh

This paper introduces repetition neurons, regarded as skill neurons responsible for the repetition problem in text generation tasks. These neurons are progressively activated more strongly as repetition continues, indicating that they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Tatsuya Hiraoka , Kentaro Inui

Evaluating whether large language models (LLMs) capture the structure of natural language beyond local fluency remains an open challenge. Existing evaluation methods, largely based on task performance or short-context behavior, provide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii

Data-to-text (D2T) generation is the task of generating texts from structured inputs. We observed that when the same target sentence was repeated twice, Transformer (T5) based model generates an output made up of asymmetric sentences from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Choonghan Kim , Gary Geunbae Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) can sometimes degrade into repetitive loops, persistently generating identical word sequences. Because repetition is rare in natural human language, its frequent occurrence across diverse tasks and contexts in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Matéo Mahaut , Francesca Franzon

Generating long and coherent text is an important but challenging task, particularly for open-ended language generation tasks such as story generation. Despite the success in modeling intra-sentence coherence, existing generation models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Jian Guan , Xiaoxi Mao , Changjie Fan , Zitao Liu , Wenbiao Ding , Minlie Huang

Despite considerable advancements with deep neural language models, the enigma of neural text degeneration persists when these models are tested as text generators. The counter-intuitive empirical observation is that even though the use of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Ari Holtzman , Jan Buys , Li Du , Maxwell Forbes , Yejin Choi

Automatic generation of paraphrases from a given sentence is an important yet challenging task in natural language processing (NLP), and plays a key role in a number of applications such as question answering, search, and dialogue. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-24 Zichao Li , Xin Jiang , Lifeng Shang , Hang Li

This paper presents a systematic survey on recent development of neural text generation models. Specifically, we start from recurrent neural network language models with the traditional maximum likelihood estimation training scheme and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-21 Sidi Lu , Yaoming Zhu , Weinan Zhang , Jun Wang , Yong Yu

Neural models trained for next utterance generation in dialogue task learn to mimic the n-gram sequences in the training set with training objectives like negative log-likelihood (NLL) or cross-entropy. Such commonly used training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Prasanna Parthasarathi , Mohamed Abdelsalam , Joelle Pineau , Sarath Chandar
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