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Detecting problematic content, such as hate speech, is a multifaceted and ever-changing task, influenced by social dynamics, user populations, diversity of sources, and evolving language. There has been significant efforts, both in academia…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Ali Omrani , Alireza S. Ziabari , Preni Golazizian , Jeffrey Sorensen , Morteza Dehghani

Today's computer-based annotation systems implement a wide range of functionalities that often go beyond those available in traditional paper-and-pencil annotations. Conceptually, annotation systems are based on thoroughly investigated…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2007-06-11 Matthias R. Brust , Steffen Rothkugel

Datasets labelled by human annotators are widely used in the training and testing of machine learning models. In recent years, researchers are increasingly paying attention to label quality. However, it is not always possible to objectively…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Luisa Schwirten , Jannes Scholz , Daniel Kondermann , Janis Keuper

Improvements in text generation technologies such as machine translation have necessitated more costly and time-consuming human evaluation procedures to ensure an accurate signal. We investigate a simple way to reduce cost by reducing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Belén Saldías , George Foster , Markus Freitag , Qijun Tan

Online programming courses are becoming more and more popular, but they still have significant drawbacks when compared to the traditional education system, e.g., the lack of feedback. In this study, we apply machine learning methods to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-07-22 Artyom Lobanov , Timofey Bryksin , Alexey Shpilman

Given a (machine learning) classifier and a collection of unlabeled data, how can we efficiently identify misclassification patterns presented in this dataset? To address this problem, we propose a human-machine collaborative framework that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Bao Nguyen , Viet Anh Nguyen

The advancement of machine learning in audio analysis has opened new possibilities for technology-enhanced music education. This paper introduces a framework for automatic singing mistake detection in the context of music pedagogy,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Sumit Kumar , Suraj Jaiswal , Parampreet Singh , Vipul Arora

Human annotation cost and time remain significant bottlenecks in Natural Language Processing (NLP), with test data annotation being particularly expensive due to the stringent requirement for low-error and high-quality labels necessary for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Antonio Purificato , Maria Sofia Bucarelli , Andrea Bacciu , Amin Mantrach , Fabrizio Silvestri

Recent research in the field of computer vision strongly focuses on deep learning architectures to tackle image processing problems. Deep neural networks are often considered in complex image processing scenarios since traditional computer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Marcel P. Schilling , Luca Rettenberger , Friedrich Münke , Haijun Cui , Anna A. Popova , Pavel A. Levkin , Ralf Mikut , Markus Reischl

Studies of writing revisions rarely focus on revision quality. To address this issue, we introduce a corpus of between-draft revisions of student argumentative essays, annotated as to whether each revision improves essay quality. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Tazin Afrin , Diane Litman

Active learning algorithms automatically identify the most informative samples from large amounts of unlabeled data and tremendously reduce human annotation effort in inducing a machine learning model. In a conventional active learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Varun Totakura , Ankita Singh , Yushun Dong , Shayok Chakraborty

In large organisations, identifying experts on a given topic is crucial in leveraging the internal knowledge spread across teams and departments. So-called enterprise expert retrieval systems automatically discover and structure employees'…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jens-Joris Decorte , Jeroen Van Hautte , Chris Develder , Thomas Demeester

Reference texts such as encyclopedias and news articles can manifest biased language when objective reporting is substituted by subjective writing. Existing methods to detect bias mostly rely on annotated data to train machine learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Timo Spinde , David Krieger , Manuel Plank , Bela Gipp

In this paper, we address the limitations of the common data annotation and training methods for objective single-label classification tasks. Typically, when annotating such tasks annotators are only asked to provide a single label for each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Ben Wu , Yue Li , Yida Mu , Carolina Scarton , Kalina Bontcheva , Xingyi Song

Automated object detection has become increasingly valuable across diverse applications, yet efficient, high-quality annotation remains a persistent challenge. In this paper, we present the development and evaluation of a platform designed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Sönke Tenckhoff , Mario Koddenbrock , Erik Rodner

Given a patent document, identifying distinct semantic annotations is an interesting research aspect. Text annotation helps the patent practitioners such as examiners and patent attorneys to quickly identify the key arguments of any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Renukswamy Chikkamath , Vishvapalsinhji Ramsinh Parmar , Christoph Hewel , Markus Endres

This study illustrates how incorporating feedback-oriented annotations into the scoring pipeline can enhance the accuracy of automated essay scoring (AES). This approach is demonstrated with the Persuasive Essays for Rating, Selecting, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Christopher Ormerod

Falsely annotated samples, also known as noisy labels, can significantly harm the performance of deep learning models. Two main approaches for learning with noisy labels are global noise estimation and data filtering. Global noise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Yuval Grinberg , Nimrod Harel , Jacob Goldberger , Ofir Lindenbaum

Object detectors have shown outstanding performance on various public datasets. However, annotating a new dataset for a new task is usually unavoidable in real, since 1) a single existing dataset usually does not contain all object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Yiran Xu , Haoxiang Zhong , Kai Wu , Jialin Li , Yong Liu , Chengjie Wang , Shu-Tao Xia , Hongen Liao

Instruction tuning has become an integral part of training pipelines for Large Language Models (LLMs) and has been shown to yield strong performance gains. In an orthogonal line of research, Annotation Error Detection (AED) has emerged as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Leon Weber-Genzel , Robert Litschko , Ekaterina Artemova , Barbara Plank