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We study a repeated information design setting in which the receiver, who is also the decision-maker, updates beliefs in a systematically biased way. More specifically, a distorted posterior in our model can be written as a convex…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yuqi Pan , Sadie Zhao , Milind Tambe , Yiling Chen

The mutual information between two jointly distributed random variables $X$ and $Y$ is a functional of the joint distribution $P_{XY},$ which is sometimes difficult to handle or estimate. A coarser description of the statistical behavior of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Yanjun Han , Or Ordentlich , Ofer Shayevitz

We use the language of uninformative Bayesian prior choice to study the selection of appropriately simple effective models. We advocate for the prior which maximizes the mutual information between parameters and predictions, learning as…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2018-02-16 Henry H. Mattingly , Mark K. Transtrum , Michael C. Abbott , Benjamin B. Machta

Information accounting provides a better foundation for hypothesis testing than does uncertainty quantification. A quantitative account of science is derived under this perspective that alleviates the need for epistemic bridge principles,…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2017-04-26 Grey Nearing , Hoshin Gupta

A question of some interest is how to characterize the amount of information that a prior puts into a statistical analysis. Rather than a general characterization, we provide an approach to characterizing the amount of information a prior…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-01-10 Michael Evans , Gun Ho Jang

Statistical modeling can involve a tension between assumptions and statistical identification. The law of the observable data may not uniquely determine the value of a target parameter without invoking a key assumption, and, while…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-06 Paul Gustafson

Recently proposed methods in data subset selection, that is active learning and active sampling, use Fisher information, Hessians, similarity matrices based on gradients, and gradient lengths to estimate how informative data is for a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Andreas Kirsch , Yarin Gal

This paper presents a decision-theoretic approach to statistical inference that satisfies the likelihood principle (LP) without using prior information. Unlike the Bayesian approach, which also satisfies LP, we do not assume knowledge of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-07 Phan H. Giang , Prakash P. Shenoy

This document focuses on translating various information-theoretic measures of distinguishability for probability distributions into measures of distin- guishability for quantum states. These measures should have important appli- cations in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Christopher A. Fuchs

There are three principle paradigms of statistical inference: (i) Bayesian, (ii) information-based and (iii) frequentist inference. We describe an objective prior (the weighting or $w$-prior) which unifies objective Bayes and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-06-26 Colin H. LaMont , Paul A. Wiggins

Here we focus on the description of the mechanisms behind the process of information aggregation and decision making, a basic step to understand emergent phenomena in society, such as trends, information spreading or the wisdom of crowds.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-04-15 Víctor M. Eguíluz , N. Masuda , J. Fernández-Gracia

The Bayes factor, the data-based updating factor of the prior to posterior odds of two hypotheses, is a natural measure of statistical evidence for one hypothesis over the other. We show how Bayes factors can also be used for parameter…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-09 Samuel Pawel

Information theory is an outstanding framework to measure uncertainty, dependence and relevance in data and systems. It has several desirable properties for real world applications: it naturally deals with multivariate data, it can handle…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-30 Valero Laparra , J. Emmanuel Johnson , Gustau Camps-Valls , Raul Santos-Rodríguez , Jesus Malo

DeGroot (1962) developed a general framework for constructing Bayesian measures of the expected information that an experiment will provide for estimation. We propose an analogous framework for measures of information for hypothesis…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-06-18 David E. Jones , Xiao-Li Meng

Hypothesis testing is a statistical inference framework for determining the true distribution among a set of possible distributions for a given dataset. Privacy restrictions may require the curator of the data or the respondents themselves…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-04-28 Jiachun Liao , Lalitha Sankar , Vincent Y. F. Tan , Flavio P. Calmon

Counterfactual explanations utilize feature perturbations to analyze the outcome of an original decision and recommend an actionable recourse. We argue that it is beneficial to provide several alternative explanations rather than a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Natraj Raman , Daniele Magazzeni , Sameena Shah

Living in the 'Information Age' means that not only access to information has become easier but also that the distribution of information is more dynamic than ever. Through a large-scale online field experiment, we provide new empirical…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Taha Yasseri , Jannie Reher

The principle of `information causality' can be used to derive an upper bound---known as the `Tsirelson bound'---on the strength of quantum mechanical correlations, and has been conjectured to be a foundational principle of nature. To date,…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2018-11-20 Michael E. Cuffaro

In problems with large amounts of missing data one must model two distinct data generating processes: the outcome process which generates the response and the missing data mechanism which determines the data we observe. Under the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-10 Antonio R. Linero

We consider probabilistic theories in which the most elementary system, a two-dimensional system, contains one bit of information. The bit is assumed to be contained in any complete set of mutually complementary measurements. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-10 Caslav Brukner , Anton Zeilinger
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