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The spectroscopic techniques for time-resolved fine analysis of matter require coherent X-ray radiation with femtosecond duration and high average brightness. Seeded free-electron lasers (FELs), which use the frequency up-conversion of an…

High-intensity, ultrashort, fully coherent X-ray pulses hold great potential for advancing spectroscopic techniques to unprecedented levels. Here, we propose a novel scheme for generating high-brightness and femtosecond-scale soft X-ray…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2023-06-30 Hanxiang Yang , Jiawei Yan , Haixiao Deng

Externally seeded free-electron lasers (FELs) are promising approaches for generating fully coherent soft-X-ray radiation. Their extension to shorter wavelengths and MHz-level repetition rates is, however, constrained by the limited…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Hanxiang Yang , Nanshun Huang , Zheng Qi , Tao Liu , Haixiao Deng , Bo Liu

Various scientific and industrial researches such as spectroscopy and advanced nano-technologies have been demanding high flux and fully coherent EUV and X-ray radiation. These demands can be commendably satisfied with a MHz-level…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2024-04-29 Xiaofan Wang , Chao Feng , Bart Faatz , Weiqing Zhang , Zhentang Zhao

We study a self-seeded high-gain harmonic generation (HGHG) free-electron laser (FEL) scheme to extend the wavelength of a soft X-ray FEL. This scheme uses a regular self-seeding monochromator to generate a seed laser at the wavelength of…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2016-05-25 Ling Zeng , Weilun Qin , Gang Zhao , Senlin Huang , Yuantao Ding , Zhirong Huang , Gabriel Marcus , Kexin Liu

Seeded Free Electron Lasers (FELs) demonstrate a good performance and are successfully used in different user experiments in extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray regimes. In this paper a simple modification of the seeding scenario is proposed…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2024-07-01 E. Schneidmiller , I. Zagorodnov

We propose a new scheme for high gain harmonic generation free electron lasers (HGHG FELs), which is seeded by a pair of intersecting laser beams to interact with an electron beam in a modulator undulator located in a dispersive section.…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2017-03-17 Takashi Tanaka , Ryota Kinjo

Laser manipulation plays a critical role in precisely tailoring relativistic electron beams through energy modulation, enabling the generation of coherent, intense, and ultrashort radiation in accelerator-based light sources such as…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2025-12-29 Hanxiang Yang , Nanshun Huang , Zipeng Liu , Shengbin Ye , Wencai Cheng , Shudong Zhou , Cheng Yu , Tao Liu , Haixiao Deng

The multiplexing capabilities of superconducting X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) have gained much attention in recent years. The demanding requirements for photon properties from multiple undulator lines necessitate more flexible beam…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2023-03-20 Zhen Zhang , Yuantao Ding , Zhirong Huang , Feng Zhou

The beam energy spread at the entrance of undulator system is of paramount importance for efficient density modulation in high-gain seeded free-electron lasers (FELs). In this paper, the dependences of high harmonic micro-bunching in the…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2015-01-05 Guanglei Wang , Chao Feng , Haixiao Deng , Weiqing Zhang , Guorong Wu , Dongxu Dai , Dong Wang , Zhentang Zhao , Xueming Yang

High-brightness femtosecond-to-attosecond pulses are indispensable for probing electron dynamics on their fundamental temporal scales. X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) at high repetition rates will facilitate high-statistics measurements…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Junhao Liu , Zhen Wang , Lanpeng Ni , Yujie Lu , Chao Feng , Zhentang Zhao

In this paper, a simple method is proposed to extend the photon energy range of a soft x-ray self-seeding free-electron laser (FEL). A normal monochromator is first applied to purify the FEL spectrum and provide a coherent seeding signal.…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2017-04-05 Kaiqing Zhang , Zheng Qi , Chao Feng , Haixiao Deng , Dong Wang , Zhentang Zhao

Seeded free-electron lasers (FELs) capable of operating at repetition rates up to the MHz level are in high demand for advanced time-resolved spectroscopies, which require both full longitudinal coherence and high average photon flux in the…

The growing requirements of pump-probe techniques and nonlinear optics experiments greatly promote the studies of two-color free-electron lasers (FELs). We propose a new method to generate coherent two-color pulses in a high-gain harmonic…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2018-02-14 Zhouyu Zhao , Heting Li , Qika Jia

Laser seeding technique have been envisioned to produce nearly transform-limited pulses at soft X-ray FELs. Echo-Enabled Harmonic Generation (EEHG) is a promising, recent technique for harmonic generation with an excellent up-conversion to…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2011-11-08 Gianluca Geloni , Vitali Kocharyan , Evgeni Saldin

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) are powerful tools to explore and study nature for achieving remarkable advances. Generally, seeded FELs are ideal sources for supplying full coherent soft x-ray pulses. Benefiting from the high-frequency…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2022-07-20 Hanxiang Yang , Jiawei Yan , Zihan Zhu , Haixiao Deng

Together with one of its variants, the recently proposed phase-merging enhanced harmonic generation (PEHG) free-electron lasers (FELs) have been systematically studied in this paper. Different form the standard-HGHG, a transverse gradient…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 Chao Feng , Haixiao Deng , Dong Wang , Zhentang Zhao

Free-electron lasers (FELs) seeded with external lasers hold great promise for generating high power radiation with nearly transform-limited bandwidth in soft x-ray region. However, it has been pointed out that the initial seed laser noise…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2013-04-15 Chao Feng , Haixiao Deng , Guanglei Wang , Dong Wang , Dao Xiang , Zhentang Zhao

Echo-enabled harmonic generation free-electron lasers (EEHG FELs) are promising candidates to produce fully coherent soft x-ray pulses by virtue of efficient high harmonic frequency up-conversion from UV lasers. The ultimate spectral limit…

We report the experimental demonstration of direct-amplification enabled harmonic generation in an ultraviolet free-electron laser (FEL) driven by a low-intensity seed laser. By employing a versatile undulator configuration that enables…

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