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This paper presents a novel form of policy gradient for model-free reinforcement learning (RL) with improved exploration properties. Current policy-based methods use entropy regularization to encourage undirected exploration of the reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-17 Ofir Nachum , Mohammad Norouzi , Dale Schuurmans

We introduce and analyse two algorithms for exploration-exploitation in discrete and continuous Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) based on exploration bonuses. SCAL$^+$ is a variant of SCAL (Fruit et al., 2018) that performs efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-12 Jian Qian , Ronan Fruit , Matteo Pirotta , Alessandro Lazaric

In the optional prisoner's dilemma (OPD), players can choose to cooperate and defect as usual, but can also abstain as a third possible strategy. This strategy models the players' participation in the game and is a relevant aspect in many…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Leonardo Stella , Dario Bauso

Policy gradient methods are notorious for having a large variance and high sample complexity. To mitigate this, we introduce SoftTreeMax -- a generalization of softmax that employs planning. In SoftTreeMax, we extend the traditional logits…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Gal Dalal , Assaf Hallak , Gugan Thoppe , Shie Mannor , Gal Chechik

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer significant potential for enabling energy-efficient intelligence at the edge. However, performing full SNN inference at the edge can be challenging due to the latency and energy constraints arising from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Maurf Hassan , Steven Davy , Muhammad Zawish , Owais Bin Zuber , Nouman Ashraf

Exploration strategies in continuous action space are often heuristic due to the infinite actions, and these kinds of methods cannot derive a general conclusion. In prior work, it has been shown that policy-based exploration is beneficial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Xing Chen , Yijun Liu , Zhaogeng Liu , Hechang Chen , Hengshuai Yao , Yi Chang

The estimation of the Risk Neutral Density (RND) implicit in option prices is challenging, especially in illiquid markets. We introduce the Deep Log-Sum-Exp Neural Network, an architecture that leverages Deep and Transfer learning to…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-11 Andrea Conti , Giacomo Morelli

Natural gradient descent (NGD) provided deep insights and powerful tools to deep neural networks. However the computation of Fisher information matrix becomes more and more difficult as the network structure turns large and complex. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Weihua Liu , Xiabi Liu

In online reinforcement learning (RL), efficient exploration remains particularly challenging in high-dimensional environments with sparse rewards. In low-dimensional environments, where tabular parameterization is possible, count-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Tianjun Zhang , Paria Rashidinejad , Jiantao Jiao , Yuandong Tian , Joseph Gonzalez , Stuart Russell

Robustness evaluation against adversarial examples has become increasingly important to unveil the trustworthiness of the prevailing deep models in natural language processing (NLP). However, in contrast to the computer vision domain where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Bairu Hou , Jinghan Jia , Yihua Zhang , Guanhua Zhang , Yang Zhang , Sijia Liu , Shiyu Chang

Efficient selection among multiple generative models is increasingly important in modern generative AI, where sampling from suboptimal models is costly. This problem can be formulated as a multi-armed bandit task. Under diversity-aware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Bahar Dibaei Nia , Farzan Farnia

We study the problem of robust reinforcement learning under adversarial corruption on both rewards and transitions. Our attack model assumes an \textit{adaptive} adversary who can arbitrarily corrupt the reward and transition at every step…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Xuezhou Zhang , Yiding Chen , Xiaojin Zhu , Wen Sun

Optimizing Neural networks is a difficult task which is still not well understood. On the other hand, fixed representation methods such as kernels and random features have provable optimization guarantees but inferior performance due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Amit Daniely , Mariano Schain , Gilad Yehudai

Neural text ranking models have witnessed significant advancement and are increasingly being deployed in practice. Unfortunately, they also inherit adversarial vulnerabilities of general neural models, which have been detected but remain…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Jiawei Liu , Yangyang Kang , Di Tang , Kaisong Song , Changlong Sun , Xiaofeng Wang , Wei Lu , Xiaozhong Liu

In this work, we study algorithms for learning in infinite-horizon undiscounted Markov decision processes (MDPs) with function approximation. We first show that the regret analysis of the Politex algorithm (a version of regularized policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Nevena Lazic , Dong Yin , Yasin Abbasi-Yadkori , Csaba Szepesvari

While policy optimization algorithms have played an important role in recent empirical success of Reinforcement Learning (RL), the existing theoretical understanding of policy optimization remains rather limited -- they are either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Qinghua Liu , Gellért Weisz , András György , Chi Jin , Csaba Szepesvári

Distribution-based search algorithms are an effective approach for evolutionary reinforcement learning of neural network controllers. In these algorithms, gradients of the total reward with respect to the policy parameters are estimated…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Nihat Engin Toklu , Paweł Liskowski , Rupesh Kumar Srivastava

Solving sequential decision prediction problems, including those in imitation learning settings, requires mitigating the problem of covariate shift. The standard approach, DAgger, relies on capturing expert behaviour in all states that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Paul Budnarain , Renato Ferreira Pinto Junior , Ilan Kogan

Neural networks have demonstrated success in various domains, yet their performance can be significantly degraded by even a small input perturbation. Consequently, the construction of such perturbations, known as adversarial attacks, has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Junjie Yang , Tianlong Chen , Xuxi Chen , Zhangyang Wang , Yingbin Liang

Rapid and accurate urban wind field prediction is essential for modeling particle transport in emergency scenarios. Traditional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approaches are too slow for real-time applications, necessitating surrogate…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Ameir Shaa , Claude Guet , Xiasu Yang , Armand Albergel , Bruno Ribstein , Maxime Nibart