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Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are promising to replace conventional partial differential equation (PDE) solvers by offering more accurate and flexible PDE solutions. However, they are hampered by the relatively slow convergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Mohammad H. Taufik , Tariq Alkhalifah

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) approximate solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs) by embedding physical laws into the loss function. In parameterized PDE families, variations in coefficients or boundary/initial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Beomchul Park , Minsu Koh , Heejo Kong , Seong-Whan Lee

We propose a consistent physics-informed neural networks (CPINNs) framework for elliptic obstacle problems formulated as variational inequalities. The method is based on a mixed loss functional that is rigorously aligned with the stability…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-03 Arbaz Khan , Kent-Andre Mardal , Shiv Mishra

Physically informed neural networks (PINNs) are a promising emerging method for solving differential equations. As in many other deep learning approaches, the choice of PINN design and training protocol requires careful craftsmanship. Here,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-09 Inbar Seroussi , Asaf Miron , Zohar Ringel

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) combine deep learning with physical constraints for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), and are widely applied in fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and solid mechanics. However, PINN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Xujia Chen , Xinyue Hu , Letian Chen , Daming Shi , Wenhui Fan

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are machine learning tools that approximate the solution of general partial differential equations (PDEs) by adding them in some form as terms of the loss/cost function of a Neural Network. Most…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-08-29 Antonio Tadeu Azevedo Gomes , Larissa Miguez da Silva , Frederic Valentin

Although physics-informed neural networks(PINNs) have progressed a lot in many real applications recently, there remains problems to be further studied, such as achieving more accurate results, taking less training time, and quantifying the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Bin Shan , Ye Li , Shengjun Huang

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful framework for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), yet they often fail to achieve accurate convergence in the H1 norm, especially in the presence of boundary…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-22 Qixuan Zhou , Chuqi Chen , Tao Luo , Yang Xiang

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have gained popularity in scientific computing in recent years. However, they often fail to achieve the same level of accuracy as classical methods in solving differential equations. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Tao Wang , Bo Zhao , Sicun Gao , Rose Yu

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently become a popular method for solving forward and inverse problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). By incorporating the residual of the PDE into the loss function of a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-07 Saviz Mowlavi , Saleh Nabi

This work investigates the use of shallow physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) for solving forward and inverse problems of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). By reformulating PINNs as nonlinear systems, the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-12 Muhammad Luthfi Shahab , Imam Mukhlash , Hadi Susanto

We investigate the use of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) for solving the wave equation. Whilst PINNs have been successfully applied across many physical systems, the wave equation presents unique challenges due to the multi-scale,…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-06-23 Ben Moseley , Andrew Markham , Tarje Nissen-Meyer

Partial differential equations (PDEs) provide a mathematical foundation for simulating and understanding intricate behaviors in both physical sciences and engineering. With the growing capabilities of deep learning, data$-$driven approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Narayan S Iyer , Bivas Bhaumik , Ram S Iyer , Satyasaran Changdar

Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful tool to provide robust and accurate approximations of solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs). However, PINNs face serious difficulties and challenges when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Rajat Arora

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) incorporate physical laws into their training to efficiently solve partial differential equations (PDEs) with minimal data. However, PINNs fail to guarantee adherence to conservation laws, which are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Anthony Baez , Wang Zhang , Ziwen Ma , Subhro Das , Lam M. Nguyen , Luca Daniel

A physics-informed neural network (PINN), which has been recently proposed by Raissi et al [J. Comp. Phys. 378, pp. 686-707 (2019)], is applied to the partial differential equation (PDE) of liquid film flows. The PDE considered is the time…

Several recent works in scientific machine learning have revived interest in the application of neural networks to partial differential equations (PDEs). A popular approach is to aggregate the residual form of the governing PDE and its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Shamsulhaq Basir , Inanc Senocak

Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) often exhibit failure modes in which the PDE residual loss converges while the solution error stays large, a phenomenon traditionally blamed on local optima separated from the true solution by steep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Chenhui Xu , Dancheng Liu , Amir Nassereldine , Jinjun Xiong

A significant advancement in Neural Network (NN) research is the integration of domain-specific knowledge through custom loss functions. This approach addresses a crucial challenge: how can models utilize physics or mathematical principles…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Seyedeh Azadeh Fallah Mortezanejad , Ruochen Wang , Ali Mohammad-Djafari

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for solving partial differential equations~(PDEs) in various scientific and engineering domains. However, traditional PINN architectures typically rely on large, fully…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Stefano Markidis