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Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have been recognized as a mesh-free alternative to solve partial differential equations where physics information is incorporated. However, in dealing with problems characterized by high stiffness or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Divyavardhan Singh , Shubham Kamble , Dimple Sonone , Kishor Upla

Neural networks can be trained to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by using the PDE residual as the loss function. This strategy is called "physics-informed neural networks" (PINNs), but it currently cannot produce high-accuracy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Qi Zeng , Yash Kothari , Spencer H. Bryngelson , Florian Schäfer

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are extensively employed to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by ensuring that the outputs and gradients of deep learning models adhere to the governing equations. However, constrained by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Chenhao Si , Ming Yan

Combining machine learning with physics is a trending approach for discovering unknown dynamics, and one of the most intensively studied frameworks is the physics-informed neural network (PINN). However, PINN often fails to optimize the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Yuichi Kajiura , Jorge Espin , Dong Zhang

Recent work in scientific machine learning has developed so-called physics-informed neural network (PINN) models. The typical approach is to incorporate physical domain knowledge as soft constraints on an empirical loss function and use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Aditi S. Krishnapriyan , Amir Gholami , Shandian Zhe , Robert M. Kirby , Michael W. Mahoney

In recent engineering applications using deep learning, physics-informed neural network (PINN) is a new development as it can exploit the underlying physics of engineering systems. The novelty of PINN lies in the use of partial differential…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Kart Leong Lim , Rahul Dutta , Mihai Rotaru

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for integrating physics-based constraints and data to address forward and inverse problems in machine learning. Despite their potential, the implementation of PINNs…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-19 Alan Williams , Christopher Leon , Alexander Scheinker

A method is presented that allows to reduce a problem described by differential equations with initial and boundary conditions to the problem described only by differential equations. The advantage of using the modified problem for…

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are numerical solvers that embed all the physical information of a system into the loss function of a neural network. In this way the learned solution accounts for data (if available), the governing…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-07-30 Andrés Martínez-Esteban , Pablo Calvo-Barlés , Luis Martín-Moreno , Sergio G Rodrigo

Differential equations are involved in modeling many engineering problems. Many efforts have been devoted to solving differential equations. Due to the flexibility of neural networks, Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have recently…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Siyuan Yang , Cheng Song , Zhilu Lai , Wenjia Wang

While Physics-Informed Neural Networks offer a promising framework for solving partial differential equations, the standard $L^2$ loss formulation is fundamentally insufficient when applied to the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) model.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Gyounghun Ko , Sung-Jun Son , Seung Yeon Cho , Myeong-Su Lee

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN) are neural networks (NNs) that encode model equations, like Partial Differential Equations (PDE), as a component of the neural network itself. PINNs are nowadays used to solve PDEs, fractional…

We consider the approximation of a class of dynamic partial differential equations (PDE) of second order in time by the physics-informed neural network (PINN) approach, and provide an error analysis of PINN for the wave equation, the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-03-23 Yanxia Qian , Yongchao Zhang , Yunqing Huang , Suchuan Dong

We revisit the original approach of using deep learning and neural networks to solve differential equations by incorporating the knowledge of the equation. This is done by adding a dedicated term to the loss function during the optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Hubert Baty , Leo Baty

Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) is a promising application of deep learning. The smooth architecture of a fully connected neural network is appropriate for finding the solutions of PDEs; the corresponding loss function can also be…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-12-09 Hwijae Son , Jin Woo Jang , Woo Jin Han , Hyung Ju Hwang

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a new learning paradigm for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by enforcing the constraints of physical equations, boundary conditions (BCs), and initial conditions (ICs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Chenhong Zhou , Jie Chen , Zaifeng Yang , Ching Eng Png

Physics-informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have been shown to be effective in solving partial differential equations by capturing the physics induced constraints as a part of the training loss function. This paper shows that a PINN can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Chandrajit Bajaj , Luke McLennan , Timothy Andeen , Avik Roy

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) represent a significant advancement in scientific machine learning by integrating fundamental physical laws into their architecture through loss functions. PINNs have been successfully applied to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Wei Zhou , Y. F. Xu

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) constitute a flexible approach to both finding solutions and identifying parameters of partial differential equations. Most works on the topic assume noiseless data, or data contaminated with weak…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-21 Philipp Pilar , Niklas Wahlström

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) represent a significant advancement in Scientific Machine Learning (SciML), which integrate physical domain knowledge into an empirical loss function as soft constraints and apply existing machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Xiaoran Cheng , Sen Na
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