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Joint modeling technique is a recent advancement in effectively analyzing the longitudinal history of patients with the occurrence of an event of interest attached to it. This procedure is successfully implemented in biomarker studies to…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-08 Gajendra K. Vishwakarma , Atanu Bhattacharjee , Souvik Banerjee

Missing data is a common issue in many biomedical studies. Under a paired design, some subjects may have missing values in either one or both of the conditions due to loss of follow-up, insufficient biological samples, etc. Such partially…

This tutorial aims to provide signal processing (SP) and machine learning (ML) practitioners with vital tools, in an accessible way, to answer the question: How to deal with missing data? There are many strategies to handle incomplete…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-06 Alexandre Hippert-Ferrer , Aude Sportisse , Amirhossein Javaheri , Mohammed Nabil El Korso , Daniel P. Palomar

Missing data imputation forms the first critical step of many data analysis pipelines. The challenge is greatest for mixed data sets, including real, Boolean, and ordinal data, where standard techniques for imputation fail basic sanity…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-17 Yuxuan Zhao , Madeleine Udell

This article introduces the Python package gcimpute for missing data imputation. gcimpute can impute missing data with many different variable types, including continuous, binary, ordinal, count, and truncated values, by modeling data as…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-11 Yuxuan Zhao , Madeleine Udell

Missing data is inevitable in longitudinal clinical trials. Conventionally, the missing at random assumption is assumed to handle missingness, which however is unverifiable empirically. Thus, sensitivity analysis is critically important to…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-18 Siyi Liu , Shu Yang , Yilong Zhang , Guanghan , Liu

This research deals with the estimation and imputation of missing data in longitudinal models with a Poisson response variable inflated with zeros. A methodology is proposed that is based on the use of maximum likelihood, assuming that data…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-18 D. S. Martinez-Lobo , O. O. Melo , N. A. Cruz

In cluster-randomized trials (CRTs), missing data can occur in various ways, including missing values in outcomes and baseline covariates at the individual or cluster level, or completely missing information for non-participants. Among the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-06 Bingkai Wang , Fan Li , Rui Wang

Missing data are ubiquitous in the era of big data and, if inadequately handled, are known to lead to biased findings and have deleterious impact on data-driven decision makings. To mitigate its impact, many missing value imputation methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Yiliang Zhang , Qi Long

Multiple imputation has become one of the standard methods in drawing inferences in many incomplete data applications. Applications of multiple imputation in relatively more complex settings, such as high-dimensional clustered data, require…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-08 Qiushuang Li , Recai Yucel

Data values in a dataset can be missing or anomalous due to mishandling or human error. Analysing data with missing values can create bias and affect the inferences. Several analysis methods, such as principle components analysis or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Sandeep Hans , Diptikalyan Saha , Aniya Aggarwal

Healthcare data, particularly in critical care settings, presents three key challenges for analysis. First, physiological measurements come from different sources but are inherently related. Yet, traditional methods often treat each…

Applications · Statistics 2025-12-01 Ali Akbar Septiandri , Deyu Ming , F. Alejandro DiazDelaO , Takoua Jendoubi , Samiran Ray

Missing data is a common problem in medical research, and is commonly addressed using multiple imputation. Although traditional imputation methods allow for valid statistical inference when data are missing at random (MAR), their…

In pharmacoepidemiology, safety and effectiveness are frequently evaluated using readily available administrative and electronic health records data. In these settings, detailed confounder data are often not available in all data sources…

Many practical studies rely on hypothesis testing procedures applied to data sets with missing information. An important part of the analysis is to determine the impact of the missing data on the performance of the test, and this can be…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-02-15 Dan L. Nicolae , Xiao-Li Meng , Augustine Kong

This paper provides clear and practical guidance on the specification of imputation models when multiple imputation is used in conjunction with doubly robust estimation methods for causal inference. Through theoretical arguments and…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-19 Lucy D'Agostino McGowan

Incomplete observability of data generates an identification problem. There is no panacea for missing data. What one can learn about a population parameter depends on the assumptions one finds credible to maintain. The credibility of…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-05-17 Charles F. Manski

Electronic health records (EHRs) are increasingly used for clinical and comparative effectiveness research, but suffer from missing data. Motivated by health services research on diabetes care, we seek to increase the quality of EHRs by…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-14 Yajuan Si , Mari Palta , Maureen Smith

Case-cohort studies are conducted within cohort studies, wherein collection of exposure data is limited to a subset of the cohort, leading to a large proportion of missing data by design. Standard analysis uses inverse probability weighting…

Missing data is a fundamental challenge in data science, significantly hindering analysis and decision-making across a wide range of disciplines, including healthcare, bioinformatics, social science, e-commerce, and industrial monitoring.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-12 Jicong Fan