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Knowledge graph (KG) is known to be helpful for the task of question answering (QA), since it provides well-structured relational information between entities, and allows one to further infer indirect facts. However, it is challenging to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-29 Yuyu Zhang , Hanjun Dai , Zornitsa Kozareva , Alexander J. Smola , Le Song

Formulating and answering logical queries is a standard communication interface for knowledge graphs (KGs). Alleviating the notorious incompleteness of real-world KGs, neural methods achieved impressive results in link prediction and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Mikhail Galkin , Zhaocheng Zhu , Hongyu Ren , Jian Tang

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have recently been shown to be quite successful in modeling graph-structured data. However, the primary focus has been on handling simple undirected graphs. Multi-relational graphs are a more general and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Shikhar Vashishth , Soumya Sanyal , Vikram Nitin , Partha Talukdar

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in many natural language processing tasks but often exhibit factual inconsistencies in knowledge-intensive settings. Integrating external knowledge resources, particularly knowledge graphs (KGs), provides…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Shuai Wang , Yinan Yu

Question answering over knowledge graphs (KGQA) has evolved from simple single-fact questions to complex questions that require graph traversal and aggregation. We propose a novel approach for complex KGQA that uses unsupervised message…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Svitlana Vakulenko , Javier David Fernandez Garcia , Axel Polleres , Maarten de Rijke , Michael Cochez

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has demonstrated its ability to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge sources. However, multi-hop questions, which require the identification of multiple knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yuchen Yan , Peiyan Zhang , Zhihua Liu , Hao Wang , Yatao Bian , Weiming Li , Xiaoshuai Hao

Multi-hop logical reasoning is an established problem in the field of representation learning on knowledge graphs (KGs). It subsumes both one-hop link prediction as well as other more complex types of logical queries. Existing algorithms…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Dimitrios Alivanistos , Max Berrendorf , Michael Cochez , Mikhail Galkin

We propose a novel technique to enhance Knowledge Graph Reasoning by combining Graph Convolution Neural Network (GCN) with the Attention Mechanism. This approach utilizes the Attention Mechanism to examine the relationships between entities…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Meera Gupta , Ravi Khanna , Divya Choudhary , Nandini Rao

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong abilities in natural language understanding and generation, yet they struggle with knowledge-intensive reasoning. Structured Knowledge Graphs (KGs) provide an effective form of external knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Shuai Wang , Yinan Yu

Implicit discourse relation classification is of great importance for discourse parsing, but remains a challenging problem due to the absence of explicit discourse connectives communicating these relations. Modeling the semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Yingxue Zhang , Ping Jian , Fandong Meng , Ruiying Geng , Wei Cheng , Jie Zhou

Multi-hop Knowledge Base Question Answering(KBQA) aims to find the answer entity in a knowledge graph (KG), which requires multiple steps of reasoning. Existing retrieval-based approaches solve this task by concentrating on the specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Haowei Du , Quzhe Huang , Chen Li , Chen Zhang , Yang Li , Dongyan Zhao

Multi-hop Question Answering (QA) requires the machine to answer complex questions by finding scattering clues and reasoning from multiple documents. Graph Network (GN) and Question Decomposition (QD) are two common approaches at present.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Jiawei Li , Mucheng Ren , Yang Gao , Yizhe Yang

Inductive knowledge graph completion (KGC) aims to predict missing triples with unseen entities. Recent works focus on modeling reasoning paths between the head and tail entity as direct supporting evidence. However, these methods depend…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Muzhi Li , Cehao Yang , Chengjin Xu , Zixing Song , Xuhui Jiang , Jian Guo , Ho-fung Leung , Irwin King

Knowledge graph question answering (KGQA) based on information retrieval aims to answer a question by retrieving answer from a large-scale knowledge graph. Most existing methods first roughly retrieve the knowledge subgraphs (KSG) that may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Hanning Gao , Lingfei Wu , Po Hu , Zhihua Wei , Fangli Xu , Bo Long

Question answering over knowledge graphs (KG-QA) is a vital topic in IR. Questions with temporal intent are a special class of practical importance, but have not received much attention in research. This work presents EXAQT, the first…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Zhen Jia , Soumajit Pramanik , Rishiraj Saha Roy , Gerhard Weikum

Knowledge graphs (KGs) play a crucial role in many applications, such as question answering, but incompleteness is an urgent issue for their broad application. Much research in knowledge graph completion (KGC) has been performed to resolve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Yinyu Lan , Shizhu He , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Recently, end-to-end trained models for multiple-choice commonsense question answering (QA) have delivered promising results. However, such question-answering systems cannot be directly applied in real-world scenarios where answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Zhen Han , Yue Feng , Mingming Sun

Knowledge graph question answering (KGQA) involves answering natural language questions by leveraging structured information stored in a knowledge graph. Typically, KGQA initially retrieve a targeted subgraph from a large-scale knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Yu Zhang , Kehai Chen , Xuefeng Bai , zhao kang , Quanjiang Guo , Min Zhang

In the task of Knowledge Graph Completion (KGC), the existing datasets and their inherent subtasks carry a wealth of shared knowledge that can be utilized to enhance the representation of knowledge triplets and overall performance. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Yongxue Shan , Jie Zhou , Jie Peng , Xin Zhou , Jiaqian Yin , Xiaodong Wang

Generating multiple-choice questions (MCQs) with difficulty estimation remains challenging in automated MCQ-generation systems used in adaptive, AI-assisted education. This study proposes a novel methodology for generating MCQs with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mehmet Can Şakiroğlu , H. Altay Güvenir , Kamer Kaya