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We explore a mechanism of pattern formation arising in processes described by a system of a single reaction-diffusion equation coupled with ordinary differential equations. Such systems of equations arise from the modeling of interactions…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-07-15 Steffen Härting , Anna Marciniak-Czochra

In this article we propose a unified framework in order to study reaction-diffusion systems containing self- and cross-diffusion using a free energy approach. This framework naturally leads to the formulation of an energy law, and to a…

Computational Physics · Physics 2021-10-12 Benjamin Aymard

Spatial self-organization emerges in distributed systems exhibiting local interactions when nonlinearities and the appropriate propagation of signals are at work. These kinds of phenomena can be modeled with different frameworks, typically…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2016-11-23 Adriano Bonforti , Salva Duran-Nebreda , Raul Montañez , Ricard Solé

In this paper the Turing pattern formation mechanism of a two component reaction-diffusion system modeling the Schnakenberg chemical reaction coupled to linear cross-diffusion terms is studied. The linear cross-diffusion terms favors the…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2017-05-08 G. Gambino , S. Lupo , M. Sammartino

For cellular functions like division and polarization, protein pattern formation driven by NTPase cycles is a central spatial control strategy. Operating far from equilibrium, no general theory links microscopic reaction networks and…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Henrik Weyer , Tobias A. Roth , Erwin Frey

In this work we investigate the process of pattern formation in a two dimensional domain for a reaction-diffusion system with nonlinear diffusion terms and the competitive Lotka-Volterra kinetics. The linear stability analysis shows that…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2014-03-03 G. Gambino , M. C. Lombardo , M. Sammartino

Motivated by numerical simulations showing the emergence of either periodic or irregular patterns, we explore a mechanism of pattern formation arising in the processes described by a system of a single reaction-diffusion equation coupled…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-03-19 Anna Marciniak-Czochra , Grzegorz Karch , Kanako Suzuki

Turing patterns are a cornerstone of biological self-organization, yet their emergence typically requires finely tuned parameters occupying narrow regions of high-dimensional space. This poses a fundamental challenge: how can evolving…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-18 Seyoon Kim , Antonio Matas-Gil , Robert G. Endres

Living systems need to be highly responsive, and also to keep fluctuations low. These goals are incompatible in equilibrium systems due to the Fluctuation Dissipation Theorem (FDT). Here, we show that biological sensory systems, driven far…

Biological Physics · Physics 2015-09-16 Pablo Sartori , Yuhai Tu

Gene expression time delays, modelling the complex biological processes of gene transcription and translation, have been shown to play an important role in cellular dynamics. Time delays, motivated by the gene expression process, can also…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2022-02-24 Alec Sargood

Many existing studies on pattern formation in the reaction-diffusion systems rely on deterministic models. However, environmental noise is often a major factor which leads to significant changes in the spatiotemporal dynamics. In this…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-09-30 Anuj Kumar Sirohi , Malay Banerjee , Anirban Chakraborti

Turing patterns play a fundamental role in morphogenesis and population dynamics, encoding key information about the underlying biological mechanisms. Yet, traditional inverse problems have largely relied on non-biological data such as…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-09-10 Yuhan Li , Hongyu Liu , Catharine W. K. Lo

A systematic introduction to nonequilibrium thermodynamics of dynamical instabilities is considered for an open nonlinear system beyond conventional Turing pattern in presence of cross diffusion. An altered condition of Turing instability…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2021-11-05 Premashis Kumar , Gautam Gangopadhyay

Mechanisms of pattern formation---of which the Turing instability is an archetype---constitute an important class of dynamical processes occurring in biological, ecological and chemical systems. Recently, it has been shown that the Turing…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2019-06-19 Sayat Mimar , Mariamo Mussa Juane , Juyong Park , Alberto P. Munuzuri , Gourab Ghoshal

The study of pattern emergence together with exploration of the exemplar Turing model is enjoying a renaissance both from theoretical and experimental perspective. Here, we implement a stability analysis of spatially dependent reaction…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2019-11-06 Michal Kozák , Eamonn A Gaffney , Václav Klika

Spatial patterns are widely observed in numerous nonequilibrium natural systems, often undergoing complex transitions and bifurcations, thereby exhibiting significant importance in many physical and biological systems such as embryonic…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-12-17 Jie Su , Wei Wu , Denis Patterson , Simon Asher Levin , Jin Wang

GTPase molecules are important regulators in cells that continuously run through an activation/deactivation and membrane-attachment/membrane-detachment cycle. Activated GTPase is able to localize in parts of the membranes and to induce cell…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2011-12-08 Andreas Rätz , Matthias Röger

Microscopic machines utilize free energy to create and maintain out-of-equilibrium organization in virtually all living things. Often this takes the form of converting the free energy stored in nonequilibrium chemical potential differences…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-08-23 Steven J. Large , David A. Sivak

General conditions are established under which reaction-cross-diffusion systems can undergo spatiotemporal pattern-forming instabilities. Recent work has focused on designing systems theoretically and experimentally to exhibit patterns with…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2025-08-26 Edgardo Villar-Sepúlveda , Alan R. Champneys , Andrew L. Krause

Among living organisms, there are species that change their patterns on their body surface during their growth process and those that maintain their patterns. Theoretically, it has been shown that large-scale species do not form distinct…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-08-27 Shin Nishihara , Toru Ohira