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We rephrase the derivation of black hole radiation so as to take into account, at the level of transition amplitudes, the change of the geometry induced by the emission process. This enlarged description reveals that the dynamical variables…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 S. Massar , R. Parentani

A mechanism is found that explains how matter falling into the future event horizon of a black hole leaves information there, which it sends to the past event horizon, and there it determines how particles are emitted. This way information…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-06 Gerard t Hooft

We discuss how in certain theories of spacetime admitting a maximal proper acceleration Hawking radiation does not completely evaporate the black hole. The black hole remnant's mass depends on the inverse of the maximal acceleration.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-18 Ricardo Gallego Torromé

The partner mode with respect to a vacuum state for a given mode (like that corresponding to one of the thermal particles emitted by a black hole) is defined and calculated. The partner modes are explicitly calculated for a number of cases,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-04-22 M. Hotta , R. Schützhold , W. G. Unruh

Taking into account time-dependence of the Hawking temperature and finite evaporation time of the black hole, total spectral distributions of the radiant energy and of the number of particles have been explicitly calculated and compared to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-12-18 Bogusław Broda

Black holes with sufficiently large initial charge and mass will Hawking-evaporate towards the extremal limit. The emission slows as the temperature approaches zero, but still reaches the point where a single Hawking quantum would make the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-22 Samuel E. Gralla

There are some examples in the literature, in which despite the fact that the underlying theory or model does not impose a lower bound on the size of black holes, the final temperature under Hawking evaporation is nevertheless finite and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-06-25 Yuan Yao , Meng-Shi Hou , Yen Chin Ong

Verlinde recently suggested that gravity, inertia, and even spacetime may be emergent properties of an underlying thermodynamic theory. This vision was motivated in part by Jacobson's 1995 surprise result that the Einstein equations of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-08-22 Samuel L. Braunstein , Manas K. Patra

We aim to quantify the distribution of information in the Hawking radiation and inside the black hole in the semiclassical evaporation process. The structure quantum field theory forces to consider a shared information between two different…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-05-29 H. Casini

If a black hole starts in a pure quantum state and evaporates completely by a unitary process, the von Neumann entropy of the Hawking radiation initially increases and then decreases back to zero when the black hole has disappeared. Here…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-12 Don N. Page

We analyze the thermodynamical behavior of black holes in closed finite boxes. First the black hole mass evolution is analyzed in an initially empty box. Using the conservation of the energy and the Hawking evaporation flux, we deduce a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 P. S. Custódio , J. E. Horvath

Black hole space times evaporate in discrete steps due to remarkably slow Hawking radiation. We here identify evaporation with essentially extremal states at the limit of quantum computation, performing $2.7\times 10^{79}$ bit calculations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-11-12 Maurice H. P. M. van Putten

We have shown that changes occur in a (2+1)-dimensional charged black hole by adding a charged probe. The particle increases the entropy of the black hole and guarantees the second law of thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-12-01 Bogeun Gwak , Bum-Hoon Lee

We argue that four-dimensional black hole evaporation inevitably produces an infinite number of soft particles in addition to the thermally distributed `hard' Hawking quanta, and moreover that the soft and hard particles are highly…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-06-23 Andrew Strominger

We propose a modified version of the Horowitz-Maldacena final-state boundary condition based upon a matter-radiation thermalization hypothesis on the Black Hole interior, which translates into a particular entangled state with thermal…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 A. Fabbri , A. Perez

We calculate the particle spectra of evaporating self-dual black holes that are potential dark matter candidates. We first estimate the relevant mass and temperature range and find that the masses are below the Planck mass, and the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-02-16 Sabine Hossenfelder , Leonardo Modesto , Isabeau Prémont-Schwarz

The weak gravity conjecture implies the necessary existence of particles with charge-to-mass ratio $q/m \geq 1$ so that the extremal charged black hole can completely evaporate without leaving a dangerous stable extremal remnant while…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-09-15 Rance Solomon , Dejan Stojkovic

We calculate the quantum radiation power of black holes which are asymptotic to the Einstein-de Sitter universe at spatial and null infinities. We consider two limiting mass accretion scenarios, no accretion and significant accretion. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Hiromi Saida , Tomohiro Harada , Hideki Maeda

We investigate the features of the non-corrected thermal (non-thermal) spectrum and the quantum corrected thermal (non-thermal) spectrum. We find that: (i) using the quantum corrected non-thermal spectra, the black hole radiation as…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-03 Zehua Tian , Jiliang Jing

We investigate the dynamical formation and evaporation of a spherically symmetric charged black hole. We study the self-consistent one loop order semiclassical back-reaction problem. To this end the mass-evaporation is modeled by an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 Evgeny Sorkin , Tsvi Piran