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Contrastive learning -- a modern approach to extract useful representations from unlabeled data by training models to distinguish similar samples from dissimilar ones -- has driven significant progress in foundation models. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-15 Licong Lin , Song Mei

Contrastive learning is a powerful framework for learning self-supervised representations that generalize well to downstream supervised tasks. We show that multiple existing contrastive learning methods can be reinterpreted as learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Daniel D. Johnson , Ayoub El Hanchi , Chris J. Maddison

Recently, contrastive learning (CL) has emerged as a successful method for unsupervised graph representation learning. Most graph CL methods first perform stochastic augmentation on the input graph to obtain two graph views and maximize the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Yanqiao Zhu , Yichen Xu , Feng Yu , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Liang Wang

Contrastive Learning (CL) has been successfully applied to classification and other downstream tasks related to concrete concepts, such as objects contained in the ImageNet dataset. No attempts seem to have been made so far in applying this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Daniel N. Nissani

Contrastive learning is a family of self-supervised methods where a model is trained to solve a classification task constructed from unlabeled data. It has recently emerged as one of the leading learning paradigms in the absence of labels…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-05 Bingbin Liu , Pradeep Ravikumar , Andrej Risteski

Contrastive learning (CL) has shown great power in self-supervised learning due to its ability to capture insight correlations among large-scale data. Current CL models are biased to learn only the ability to discriminate positive and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Ziwen Liu , Bonan Li , Congying Han , Tiande Guo , Xuecheng Nie

Contrastive Learning (CL), a leading paradigm in Self-Supervised Learning (SSL), typically relies on pairs of data views generated through augmentation. While multiple augmentations per instance (more than two) improve generalization in…

This paper presents Prototypical Contrastive Learning (PCL), an unsupervised representation learning method that addresses the fundamental limitations of instance-wise contrastive learning. PCL not only learns low-level features for the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Junnan Li , Pan Zhou , Caiming Xiong , Steven C. H. Hoi

Collaborative learning enables distributed clients to learn a shared model for prediction while keeping the training data local on each client. However, existing collaborative learning methods require fully-labeled data for training, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Yawen Wu , Zhepeng Wang , Dewen Zeng , Meng Li , Yiyu Shi , Jingtong Hu

Contrastive learning has recently seen tremendous success in self-supervised learning. So far, however, it is largely unclear why the learned representations generalize so effectively to a large variety of downstream tasks. We here prove…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Roland S. Zimmermann , Yash Sharma , Steffen Schneider , Matthias Bethge , Wieland Brendel

Representation learning offers a conduit to elucidate distinctive features within the latent space and interpret the deep models. However, the randomness of lesion distribution and the complexity of low-quality factors in medical images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Qingshan Hou , Shuai Cheng , Peng Cao , Jinzhu Yang , Xiaoli Liu , Osmar R. Zaiane , Yih Chung Tham

Contrastive learning (CL) has emerged as a powerful technique for representation learning, with or without label supervision. However, supervised CL is prone to collapsing representations of subclasses within a class by not capturing all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Yihao Xue , Siddharth Joshi , Eric Gan , Pin-Yu Chen , Baharan Mirzasoleiman

We investigate contrastive learning in the federated setting through the lens of SimCLR and multi-view mutual information maximization. In doing so, we uncover a connection between contrastive representation learning and user verification;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Christos Louizos , Matthias Reisser , Denis Korzhenkov

Recent works in self-supervised learning have advanced the state-of-the-art by relying on the contrastive learning paradigm, which learns representations by pushing positive pairs, or similar examples from the same class, closer together…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Jeff Z. HaoChen , Colin Wei , Adrien Gaidon , Tengyu Ma

This paper explores useful modifications of the recent development in contrastive learning via novel probabilistic modeling. We derive a particular form of contrastive loss named Joint Contrastive Learning (JCL). JCL implicitly involves the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Qi Cai , Yu Wang , Yingwei Pan , Ting Yao , Tao Mei

Graph Contrastive Learning (GCL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for training Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in the absence of task-specific labels. However, its scalability on large-scale graphs is hindered by the intensive message…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Xiang Chen , Kun Yue , Wenjie Liu , Zhenyu Zhang , Liang Duan

Contrastive self-supervised learning (SSL) learns an embedding space that maps similar data pairs closer and dissimilar data pairs farther apart. Despite its success, one issue has been overlooked: the fairness aspect of representations…

Pretext Invariant Representation Learning (PIRL) followed by Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) has become a standard paradigm for learning with limited labels. We extend this approach to the Positive Unlabeled (PU) setting, where only a small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Anish Acharya , Li Jing , Bhargav Bhushanam , Dhruv Choudhary , Michael Rabbat , Sujay Sanghavi , Inderjit S Dhillon

Learning sentence embeddings in an unsupervised manner is fundamental in natural language processing. Recent common practice is to couple pre-trained language models with unsupervised contrastive learning, whose success relies on augmenting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Qiyu Wu , Chongyang Tao , Tao Shen , Can Xu , Xiubo Geng , Daxin Jiang

Traditional supervised learning with deep neural networks requires a tremendous amount of labelled data to converge to a good solution. For 3D medical images, it is often impractical to build a large homogeneous annotated dataset for a…