Related papers: Application of Generalized Quaternion in Physics
In this lecture we discuss the basic ingredients for gauge invariant quantum field theories. We give an introduction to the elements of quantum field theory, to the construction of the basic Lagrangian for a general gauge theory, and…
We consider quantum transition amplitudes, partition functions and observables for 3D spin foam models within $SU(2)$ quantum group deformation symmetry, where the deformation parameter is a complex fifth root of unity. By considering…
These lectures on QCD stress the theoretical elements that underlie a wide range of phenomenological studies, particularly gauge invariance, renormalization, factorization and infrared safety. The three parts cover the basics of QCD, QCD at…
Matter described by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of strong interactions, may undergo phase transitions when its temperature and the chemical potentials are varied. QCD at finite temperature is studied in the laboratory by…
We study theories with the exceptional gauge group G(2). The 14 adjoint "gluons" of a G(2) gauge theory transform as {3}, {3bar} and {8} under the subgroup SU(3), and hence have the color quantum numbers of ordinary quarks, anti-quarks and…
We show that, in quaternion quantum mechanics with a complex geometry, the minimal four Higgs of the unbroken electroweak theory naturally determine the quaternion invariance group which corresponds to the Glashow group. Consequently, we…
This paper establishes the basis of the quaternionic differential geometry ($\mathbbm H$DG) initiated in a previous article. The usual concepts of curves and surfaces are generalized to quaternionic constraints, as well as the curvature and…
By using complex quaternion, which is the system of quaternion representation extended to complex numbers, we show that the laws of electromagnetism can be expressed much more simply and concisely. We also derive the quaternion…
Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD), the theory of strong interactions, predicts a transition of the usual matter to a new phase of matter, called Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), at sufficiently high temperatures. The non-perturbative technique of…
Some features of the high temperature gluonic matter, such as the breakdown of the fundamental group symmetry by the kinetic energy, the screening of test quarks by some unusual gluon states and the explanation of the absence of isolated…
These lectures on QCD stress the theoretical elements that underlie a wide range of phenomenological studies, particularly gauge invariance, renormalization, factorization and infrared safety. The three parts cover the basics of QCD, QCD at…
Effect of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) interaction in quark-gluon plasma on electrical conductivity is studied, where lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD) results are mapped through quark and gluon degeneracy.
As a tribute to Abdus Salam, I recall the initiation in 1972-73 of the idea of grand unification based on the view that lepton number is the fourth color. Motivated by aesthetic demands, these attempts led to the suggestion that the…
It is shown that the groups of Euclidian rotations, rigid motions, proper, orthochronous Lorentz transformations, and the complex rigid motions can be represented by the groups of unit-norm elements in the algebras of real, dual, complex,…
The paper aims to apply the trigintaduonion spaces to explore the physical properties of four interactions simultaneously, including the electromagnetic fields, gravitational fields, weak nuclear fields, and strong nuclear fields. J. C.…
The problem of quarkonium production in heavy ion collisions presents a set of unique theoretical challenges -- from the relevant production mechanism of $J/\psi$ and $\Upsilon$ to the relative significance of distinct cold and hot nuclear…
We construct a generalisation of the three-dimensional Poincar\'e algebra that also includes a colour symmetry factor. This algebra can be used to define coloured Poincar\'e gravity in three space-time dimensions as well as to study…
There is little doubt that Quantumchromodynamics (QCD) is the theory which describes strong interaction physics. Lattice gauge simulations of QCD predict that in the $\mu,T$ plane there is a line where a transition from confined hadronic…
The goal of these lectures, oriented towards the students just entering the field, is to provide an elementary introduction to QCD and the physics of nuclear interactions at high energies. We first introduce the general structure of QCD and…
Chiral symmetry in QCD can be simultaneously in Wigner and Goldstone modes, depending on the part of the spectrum examined. The transition regime between both, exploiting for example the onset of parity doubling in the high baryon spectrum,…