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Creativity assessment in science and engineering is increasingly based on both human and AI judgment, but the cognitive processes and biases behind these evaluations remain poorly understood. We conducted two experiments examining how…
We examine whether Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems generate truly novel ideas rather than merely regurgitating patterns learned during training. Utilizing a novel experimental design, we task an AI with generating project titles for…
Current legal frameworks consider AI-generated works eligible for copyright protection when they meet originality requirements and involve substantial human intellectual input. However, systematic legal standards and reliable evaluation…
Similarities between entities occur frequently in many real-world scenarios. For over a century, researchers in different fields have proposed a range of approaches to measure the similarity between entities. More recently, inspired by…
Generative AI presents a profound challenge to traditional notions of human uniqueness, particularly in creativity. Fueled by neural network based foundation models, these systems demonstrate remarkable content generation capabilities,…
More than ever, technical inventions are the symbol of our society's advance. Patents guarantee their creators protection against infringement. For an invention being patentable, its novelty and inventiveness have to be assessed. Therefore,…
Copyright and computer science continue to intersect and clash, but they can coexist. The advent of new technologies such as digitization of visual and aural creations, sharing technologies, search engines, social media offerings, and more…
Current intellectual property frameworks struggle to evaluate the novelty of AI-generated content, relying on subjective assessments ill-suited for comparing effectively infinite AI outputs against prior art. This paper introduces a robust,…
Similarity functions measure how comparable pairs of elements are, and play a key role in a wide variety of applications, e.g., notions of Individual Fairness abiding by the seminal paradigm of Dwork et al., as well as Clustering problems.…
A patent must be deemed novel and non-obvious in order to be granted by the US Patent Office (USPTO). If it is not, a US patent examiner will cite the prior work, or prior art, that invalidates the novelty and issue a non-final rejection.…
Traditionally in the domain of legal research, the retrieval of pertinent citations from intricate case descriptions has demanded manual effort and keyword-based search applications that mandate expertise in understanding legal jargon.…
This paper challenges the argument that generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is entitled to broad immunity from copyright law for reproducing copyrighted works without authorization due to a fair use defense. It examines fair use…
We examine, analyze, and compare four representative creativity measures--perplexity, LLM-as-a-Judge, the Creativity Index (CI; measuring n-gram overlap with web corpora), and syntactic templates (detecting repetition of common…
Creativity is often seen as a hallmark of human intelligence. While large language models (LLMs) are increasingly perceived as generating creative text, there is still no holistic and scalable framework to evaluate their creativity across…
Handwritten document analysis is an area of forensic science, with the goal of establishing authorship of documents through examination of inherent characteristics. Law enforcement agencies use standard protocols based on manual processing…
Generative AI is rapidly transforming how organizations create value and evaluate talent. While large language models enhance baseline output quality, they simultaneously introduce ambiguity in assessing human creativity, as observable…
This work addresses the challenge of quantifying originality in text-to-image (T2I) generative diffusion models, with a focus on copyright originality. We begin by evaluating T2I models' ability to innovate and generalize through controlled…
This paper proposes a framework for assessing the novelty of design problems using the SAPPhIRE model of causality. The novelty of a problem is measured as its minimum distance from the problems in a reference problem database. The distance…
Web-based AI image generation has become an innovative art form that can generate novel artworks with the rapid development of the diffusion model. However, this new technique brings potential copyright infringement risks as it may…
Originality criteria are frequently used to compare assets and, in particular, to assess the validity of intellectual property (IP) rights such as copyright and design rights. In this work, the originality of an asset is formulated as a…