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We propose a new measure to quantify the impact of a node $i$ in controlling a directed network. This measure, called `control contribution' $\mathcal{C}_{i}$, combines the probability for node $i$ to appear in a set of driver nodes and the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Yan Zhang , Antonios Garas , Frank Schweitzer

Complex networks have become essential tools for understanding diverse phenomena in social systems, traffic systems, biomolecular systems, and financial systems. Identifying critical nodes is a central theme in contemporary research,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Duxin Chen , Jiawen Chen , Xiaoyu Zhang , Qinghan Jia , Xiaolu Liu , Ye Sun , Linyuan Lv , Wenwu Yu

Spectral centrality measures allow to identify influential individuals in social groups, to rank Web pages by their popularity, and even to determine the impact of scientific researches. The centrality score of a node within a network…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-09-22 Vincenzo Nicosia , Regino Criado , Miguel Romance , Giovanni Russo , Vito Latora

One of the most fundamental problems in large scale network analysis is to determine the importance of a particular node in a network. Betweenness centrality is the most widely used metric to measure the importance of a node in a network.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2008-10-19 Shiva Kintali

Over the past two decades, tools from network science have been leveraged to characterize the organization of both structural and functional networks of the brain. One such measure of network organization is hub node identification. Hubs…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Meiby Ortiz-Bouza , Duc Vu , Abdullah Karaaslanli , Selin Aviyente

We investigate graphs that can be disconnected into small components by removing a vanishingly small fraction of their vertices. We show that when a quantum network is described by such a graph, the network is efficiently controllable, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-05 Can Gokler , Seth Lloyd , Peter Shor , Kevin Thompson

Structural controllability has been proposed as an analytical framework for making predictions regarding the control of complex networks across myriad disciplines in the physical and life sciences (Liu et al., Nature:473(7346):167-173,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-28 Noah J. Cowan , Erick J. Chastain , Daril A. Vilhena , James S. Freudenberg , Carl T. Bergstrom

Measures of node centrality that describe the importance of a node within a network are crucial for understanding the behavior of social networks and graphs. In this paper, we address the problems of distributed estimation and control of…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Eduardo Montijano , Gabriele Oliva , Andrea Gasparri

We take a unified view of network coding and decentralized control. Precisely speaking, we consider both as linear time-invariant systems by appropriately restricting channels and coding schemes of network coding to be linear…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-08-26 Se Yong Park , Anant Sahai

Centrality descriptors are widely used to rank nodes according to specific concept(s) of importance. Despite the large number of centrality measures available nowadays, it is still poorly understood how to identify the node which can be…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-13 Giulia Bertagnolli , Claudio Agostinelli , Manlio De Domenico

In this paper, a hub refers to a non-terminal vertex of degree at least three. We study the minimum number of hubs needed in a network to guarantee certain flow demand constraints imposed between multiple pairs of sources and sinks. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-08-14 Easton Li Xu , Guangyue Han

In engineering applications, one of the major challenges today is to develop reliable and robust control algorithms for complex networked systems. Controllability and observability of such systems play a crucial role in the design process.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-11-14 Michael Dellnitz , Stefan Klus

Clusters or communities can provide a coarse-grained description of complex systems at multiple scales, but their detection remains challenging in practice. Community detection methods often define communities as dense subgraphs, or…

Controlling real-world networked systems, including ecological, biomedical, and engineered networks that exhibit higher-order interactions, remains challenging due to inherent nonlinearities and large system scales. Despite extensive…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-23 Joshua Pickard , Xin Mao , Can Chen

Observing and controlling complex networks are of paramount interest for understanding complex physical, biological and technological systems. Recent studies have made important advances in identifying sensor or driver nodes, through which…

Networks are a fundamental tool for understanding and modeling complex systems in physics, biology, neuroscience, engineering, and social science. Many networks are known to exhibit rich, lower-order connectivity patterns that can be…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Austin R. Benson , David F. Gleich , Jure Leskovec

Controllability, a basic property of various networked systems, has gained profound theoretical applications in complex social, technological, biological, and brain networks. Yet, little attention has been given to the control trajectory…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-06-13 Aming Li , Long Wang , Frank Schweitzer

Our ability to manipulate the behavior of complex networks depends on the design of efficient control algorithms and, critically, on the availability of an accurate and tractable model of the network dynamics. While the design of control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-28 Giacomo Baggio , Danielle S. Bassett , Fabio Pasqualetti

With the recent explosion of publicly available biological data, the analysis of networks has gained significant interest. In particular, recent promising results in Neuroscience show that the way neurons and areas of the brain are…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2015-11-17 Umberto Esposito , Eleni Vasilaki

Network science has experienced unprecedented rapid development in the past two decades. The network perspective has also been widely applied to explore various complex systems in great depth. In the first decade, fundamental…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-01-13 Aming Li , Yang-Yu Liu