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A long-held objective in AI is to build systems that understand concepts in a humanlike way. Setting aside the difficulty of building such a system, even trying to evaluate one is a challenge, due to present-day AI's relative opacity and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Victor Vikram Odouard , Melanie Mitchell

Agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI) can autonomously pursue long-term goals, make decisions, and execute complex, multi-turn workflows. Unlike traditional generative AI, which responds reactively to prompts, agentic AI proactively…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Anirban Mukherjee , Hannah Hanwen Chang

Developments in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), and particularly large language models (LLMs), have created a 'perfect storm' for observing 'sparks' of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) that are spurious. Like simpler models,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Patrick Altmeyer , Andrew M. Demetriou , Antony Bartlett , Cynthia C. S. Liem

The complexity of dynamics in AI techniques is already approaching that of complex adaptive systems, thus curtailing the feasibility of formal controllability and reachability analysis in the context of AI safety. It follows that the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Vahid Behzadan , Arslan Munir , Roman V. Yampolskiy

As more and more AI agents are used in practice, it is time to think about how to make these agents fully autonomous so that they can learn by themselves in a self-motivated and self-supervised manner rather than being retrained…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Bing Liu , Eric Robertson , Scott Grigsby , Sahisnu Mazumder

To enable human oversight, agentic AI systems often provide a trace of reasoning and action steps. Designing traces to have an informative, but not overwhelming, level of detail remains a critical challenge. In three user studies on a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Madeleine Grunde-McLaughlin , Hussein Mozannar , Maya Murad , Jingya Chen , Saleema Amershi , Adam Fourney

While it is still unclear if agents with Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) could ever be built, we can already use mathematical models to investigate potential safety systems for these agents. We present an AGI safety layer that creates…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Koen Holtman

General Video Game Playing (GVGP) aims at designing an agent that is capable of playing multiple video games with no human intervention. In 2014, The General Video Game AI (GVGAI) competition framework was created and released with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-25 Diego Perez-Liebana , Jialin Liu , Ahmed Khalifa , Raluca D. Gaina , Julian Togelius , Simon M. Lucas

Evaluating generative AI (GenAI) systems is challenging because many targets of evaluation are broad, contested concepts, such as "reasoning," "fairness," or "creativity." When these concepts are left underspecified, it becomes unclear what…

Recent debates on artificial intelligence increasingly emphasise questions of AI consciousness and moral status, yet there remains little agreement on how such properties should be evaluated. In this paper, we argue that awareness offers a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Nadine Meertens , Suet Lee , Ophelia Deroy

Current and foreseeable GenAI models are not capable of achieving artificial general intelligence because they are burdened with anthropogenic debt. They depend heavily on human input to provide well-structured problems, architecture, and…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-13 Herbert Roitblat

Real-world artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly required to operate autonomously in dynamic, uncertain, and continuously changing environments. However, most existing AI models rely on predefined objectives, static training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Hong Su

The Artificial Intelligence field has focused on developing optimisation methods to solve multiple problems, specifically problems that we thought to be only solvable through cognition. The obtained results have been outstanding, being able…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Alfredo Ibias

In recent years we observed rapid and significant advancements in artificial intelligence (A.I.). So much so that many wonder how close humanity is to developing an A.I. model that can achieve human level of intelligence, also known as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Georgios Mappouras , Charalambos Rossides

The AI community has been pursuing algorithms known as artificial general intelligence (AGI) that apply to any kind of real-world problem. Recently, chat systems powered by large language models (LLMs) emerge and rapidly become a promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Lingxi Xie , Longhui Wei , Xiaopeng Zhang , Kaifeng Bi , Xiaotao Gu , Jianlong Chang , Qi Tian

Little demonstrable progress has been made toward AGI (Artificial General Intelligence) since the term was coined some 20 years ago. In spite of the fantastic breakthroughs in Statistical AI such as AlphaZero, ChatGPT, and Stable Diffusion…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Peter Voss , Mladjan Jovanovic

Novel user interfaces based on artificial intelligence, such as natural-language agents, present new categories of engineering challenges. These systems need to cope with uncertainty and ambiguity, interface with machine learning…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-09-18 Alex Renda , Harrison Goldstein , Sarah Bird , Chris Quirk , Adrian Sampson

Experiential AI is proposed as a new research agenda in which artists and scientists come together to dispel the mystery of algorithms and make their mechanisms vividly apparent. It addresses the challenge of finding novel ways of opening…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-08-08 Drew Hemment , Ruth Aylett , Vaishak Belle , Dave Murray-Rust , Ewa Luger , Jane Hillston , Michael Rovatsos , Frank Broz

The lack of a concrete definition for Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) obscures the gap between today's specialized AI and human-level cognition. This paper introduces a quantifiable framework to address this, defining AGI as matching…

Dreams of machines rivaling human intelligence have shaped the field of AI since its inception. Yet, the very meaning of human-level AI or artificial general intelligence (AGI) remains elusive and contested. Definitions of AGI embrace a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Borhane Blili-Hamelin , Leif Hancox-Li , Andrew Smart