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Entanglement is a fundamental resource for quantum information processing. In its pure form, it allows quantum teleportation and sharing classical secrets. Realistic quantum states are noisy and their usefulness is only partially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-15 Maris Ozols , Graeme Smith , John A. Smolin

How much cryptographically-secure randomness can be extracted from a quantum state? This fundamental question probes the absolute limits of quantum random number generation (QRNG) and yet, despite the technological maturity of QRNGs, it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-05 Kriss Gutierrez Anco , Tristan Nemoz , Peter Brown

Overcoming repeaterless bounds for the secret key rate capacity of quantum key distribution protocols is still a challenge with current technology. D. Luong et al. [Applied Physics B 122, 96 (2016)] proposed a protocol to beat a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-22 Róbert Trényi , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Multipartite quantum repeaters play an important role in quantum communication networks enabling the transmission of quantum information over larger distances. To increase the rates for multipartite entanglement distribution, multiplexing…

The optimal performance of a communication network is limited not only by the quality of point-to-point channels, but by the efficacy of its constituent technologies. Understanding the limits of quantum networks requires an understanding of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-13 Cillian Harney , Stefano Pirandola

A potential quantum internet would open up the possibility of realizing numerous new applications, including provably secure communication. Since losses of photons limit long-distance, direct quantum communication and widespread quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-18 Daniel Miller , Timo Holz , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß

We investigate the task of conference key agreement in near-term quantum networks, where the nodes are connected by sources of bipartite entangled states, under the class of local operations not requiring quantum memory. We derive upper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Justus Neumann , Hermann Kampermann , Dagmar Bruß , Anton Trushechkin

We find a strong-converse bound on the private capacity of a quantum channel assisted by unlimited two-way classical communication. The bound is based on the max-relative entropy of entanglement and its proof uses a new inequality for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-04 Matthias Christandl , Alexander Müller-Hermes

A realistic Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol necessarily deals with finite resources, such as the number of signals exchanged by the two parties. We derive a bound on the secret key rate which is expressed as an optimization problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-13 Silvestre Abruzzo , Hermann Kampermann , Markus Mertz , Dagmar Bruß

Quantum networks (QNs) are a promising platform for secure communications, enhanced sensing, and efficient distributed quantum computing. However, due to the fragile nature of quantum states, these networks face significant challenges in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Mahdi Chehimi , Shahrooz Pouryousef , Nitish K. Panigrahy , Don Towsley , Walid Saad

We describe a quantum repeater protocol for long-distance quantum communication. In this scheme, entanglement is created between qubits at intermediate stations of the channel by using a weak dispersive light-matter interaction and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 P. van Loock , T. D. Ladd , K. Sanaka , F. Yamaguchi , Kae Nemoto , W. J. Munro , Y. Yamamoto

We investigate quantum repeater protocols based upon atomic qubit-entanglement distribution through optical coherent-state communication. Various measurement schemes for an optical mode entangled with two spatially separated atomic qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-14 Peter van Loock , Norbert Lütkenhaus , W. J. Munro , Kae Nemoto

Developing and deploying advanced Quantum Repeater (QR) technologies will be necessary to scale quantum networks to longer distances. Depending on the error mitigation mechanisms adopted to suppress loss and errors, QRs are typically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-30 Chuen Hei Chan , Charu Jain , Ezra Kissel , Wenji Wu , Edwin Barnes , Sophia E. Economou , Inder Monga

Efficiently distributing secret keys over long distances remains a critical challenge in the development of quantum networks. "First-generation" quantum repeater chains distribute entanglement by executing protocols composed of…

The rate at which quantum communication tasks can be performed using direct transmission is fundamentally hindered by the channel loss. Quantum repeaters allow, in principle, to overcome these limitations, but their introduction necessarily…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-24 Kenneth Goodenough , David Elkouss , Stephanie Wehner

We look into multipartite quantum states on which quantum cryptographic protocols including quantum key distribution and quantum secret sharing can be perfectly performed, and define the quantum cryptographic resource distillable rate as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-27 Minjin Choi , Soojoon Lee

Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution (TF-QKD) enables two distant parties to establish a shared secret key, by interfering weak coherent pulses (WCPs) in an intermediate measuring station. This allows TF-QKD to reach greater distances than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-08 Giacomo Carrara , Gláucia Murta , Federico Grasselli

The vision to develop quantum networks entails multi-user applications, which require the generation of long-distance multi-party entangled states. The current rapid experimental progress in building prototype-networks calls for new design…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-24 V. V. Kuzmin , D. V. Vasilyev , N. Sangouard , W. Dür , C. A. Muschik

We present a quantum repeater scheme based on the recently proposed qubit amplifier [N. Gisin, S. Pironio and N. Sangouard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 070501 (2010)]. It relies on a on-demand entangled-photon pair source which uses on-demand…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-03 Jiří Minář , Hugues de Riedmatten , Nicolas Sangouard

In the performance analysis of quantum networks, it is common to approximate bipartite entangled states as either being Bell-diagonal or Werner states. We refer to these as twirled approximations because it is possible to bring any state to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Bethany Davies , Guus Avis , Stephanie Wehner
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