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While autonomous vehicle (AV) technology has shown substantial progress, we still lack tools for rigorous and scalable testing. Real-world testing, the $\textit{de-facto}$ evaluation method, is dangerous to the public. Moreover, due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Justin Norden , Matthew O'Kelly , Aman Sinha

Autonomous vehicles with a self-evolving ability are expected to cope with unknown scenarios in the real-world environment. Take advantage of trial and error mechanism, reinforcement learning is able to self evolve by learning the optimal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Shuo Yang , Liwen Wang , Yanjun Huang , Hong Chen

Classical approaches and procedures for testing of automated vehicles of SAE levels 1 and 2 were based on defined scenarios with specific maneuvers, depending on the function under test. For automated driving systems (ADS) of SAE level 3+,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Demin Nalic , Hexuan Li , Arno Eichberger , Christoph Wellershaus , Aleksa Pandurevic , Branko Rogic

Ensuring the safety and robustness of autonomous driving systems necessitates a comprehensive evaluation in safety-critical scenarios. However, these safety-critical scenarios are rare and difficult to collect from real-world driving data,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Mingxing Peng , Yuting Xie , Xusen Guo , Ruoyu Yao , Hai Yang , Jun Ma

Autonomous driving and its widespread adoption have long held tremendous promise. Nevertheless, without a trustworthy and thorough testing procedure, not only does the industry struggle to mass-produce autonomous vehicles (AV), but neither…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Haoyi Niu , Kun Ren , Yizhou Xu , Ziyuan Yang , Yichen Lin , Yi Zhang , Jianming Hu

Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs) requires identifying rare but critical failure cases that on-road testing alone cannot discover. High-fidelity simulations provide a scalable alternative, but automatically generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Amar Kulkarni , Shangtong Zhang , Madhur Behl

Verification and validation of autonomous driving (AD) systems and components is of increasing importance, as such technology increases in real-world prevalence. Safety-critical scenario generation is a key approach to robustify AD policies…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Benjamin Stoler , Ingrid Navarro , Jonathan Francis , Jean Oh

Although significant progress has been made in many tasks within the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), Controlled Text Generation (CTG) continues to face numerous challenges, particularly in achieving fine-grained conditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Xinxu Zhou , Jiaqi Bai , Zhenqi Sun , Fanxiang Zeng , Yue Liu

We study automated test generation for verifying discrete decision-making modules in autonomous systems. We utilize linear temporal logic to encode the requirements on the system under test in the system specification and the behavior that…

Evaluating autonomous vehicle stacks (AVs) in simulation typically involves replaying driving logs from real-world recorded traffic. However, agents replayed from offline data are not reactive and hard to intuitively control. Existing…

Controllable and realistic traffic simulation is critical for developing and verifying autonomous vehicles. Typical heuristic-based traffic models offer flexible control to make vehicles follow specific trajectories and traffic rules. On…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Ziyuan Zhong , Davis Rempe , Danfei Xu , Yuxiao Chen , Sushant Veer , Tong Che , Baishakhi Ray , Marco Pavone

To guarantee the safety and reliability of autonomous vehicle (AV) systems, corner cases play a crucial role in exploring the system's behavior under rare and challenging conditions within simulation environments. However, current…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Qiujing Lu , Meng Ma , Ximiao Dai , Xuanhan Wang , Shuo Feng

Recently, safe reinforcement learning (RL) with the actor-critic structure for continuous control tasks has received increasing attention. It is still challenging to learn a near-optimal control policy with safety and convergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Xinglong Zhang , Yaoqian Peng , Biao Luo , Wei Pan , Xin Xu , Haibin Xie

With increasing complexity of Automated Driving Systems (ADS), ensuring their safety and reliability has become a critical challenge. The Verification and Validation (V&V) of these systems are particularly demanding when AI components are…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Srajan Goyal , Alberto Griggio , Jacob Kimblad , Stefano Tonetta

Realistic and controllable traffic simulation is a core capability that is necessary to accelerate autonomous vehicle (AV) development. However, current approaches for controlling learning-based traffic models require significant domain…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Ziyuan Zhong , Davis Rempe , Yuxiao Chen , Boris Ivanovic , Yulong Cao , Danfei Xu , Marco Pavone , Baishakhi Ray

With the rapid development of autonomous vehicles, there is an increasing demand for scenario-based testing to simulate diverse driving scenarios. However, as the base of any driving scenarios, road scenarios (e.g., road topology and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Fan Yang , You Lu , Bihuan Chen , Peng Qin , Xin Peng

Testing autonomous driving systems for safety and reliability is extremely complex. A primary challenge is identifying the relevant test scenarios, especially the critical ones that may expose hazards or risks of harm to autonomous vehicles…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Qunying Song , Emelie Engström , Per Runeson

The MUSICC project has created a proof-of-concept scenario database to be used as part of a type approval process for the verification of automated driving systems (ADS). This process must include a highly automated means of evaluating test…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Robert Myers , Zeyn Saigol

For autonomous vehicles, safe navigation in complex environments depends on handling a broad range of diverse and rare driving scenarios. Simulation- and scenario-based testing have emerged as key approaches to development and validation of…

Achieving robust performance is crucial when applying deep reinforcement learning (RL) in safety critical systems. Some of the state of the art approaches try to address the problem with adversarial agents, but these agents often require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Yeeho Song , Jeff Schneider