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Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are rapidly being applied to safety-critical domains such as drone and airplane control, motivating techniques for verifying the safety of their behavior. Unfortunately, DNN verification is NP-hard, with current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Matthew Sotoudeh , Aditya V. Thakur

Although neural networks are widely used, it remains challenging to formally verify the safety and robustness of neural networks in real-world applications. Existing methods are designed to verify the network before deployment, which are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Tianhao Wei , Changliu Liu

Testing allows developers to determine whether a system functions as expected. When such systems include deep neural networks (DNNs), Testing becomes challenging, as DNNs approximate functions for which the formalization of functional…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Nusrat Jahan Mozumder , Felipe Toledo , Swaroopa Dola , Matthew B. Dwyer

The rising popularity of neural networks (NNs) in recent years and their increasing prevalence in real-world applications have drawn attention to the importance of their verification. While verification is known to be computationally…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Natalia Slusarz , Ekaterina Komendantskaya , Matthew L. Daggitt , Robert Stewart

Constraint solving is an elementary way for verification of deep neural networks (DNN). In the domain of AI safety, a DNN might be modified in its structure and parameters for its repair or attack. For such situations, we propose the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Pengfei Yang , Zhiming Chi , Zongxin Liu , Mengyu Zhao , Cheng-Chao Huang , Shaowei Cai , Lijun Zhang

As Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have become an increasingly ubiquitous workload, the range of libraries and tooling available to aid in their development and deployment has grown significantly. Scalable, production quality tools are freely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Perry Gibson , José Cano

We study the problem of safety verification of direct perception neural networks, where camera images are used as inputs to produce high-level features for autonomous vehicles to make control decisions. Formal verification of direct…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Chih-Hong Cheng , Chung-Hao Huang , Thomas Brunner , Vahid Hashemi

The widespread adoption of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in important domains raises questions about the trustworthiness of DNN outputs. Even a highly accurate DNN will make mistakes some of the time, and in settings like self-driving…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Yan Xiao , Ivan Beschastnikh , David S. Rosenblum , Changsheng Sun , Sebastian Elbaum , Yun Lin , Jin Song Dong

We study the problem of formal verification of Binarized Neural Networks (BNN), which have recently been proposed as a energy-efficient alternative to traditional learning networks. The verification of BNNs, using the reduction to hardware…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-01-22 Chih-Hong Cheng , Georg Nührenberg , Chung-Hao Huang , Harald Ruess

Neural networks are successfully used in a variety of applications, many of them having safety and security concerns. As a result researchers have proposed formal verification techniques for verifying neural network properties. While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Youcheng Sun , Muhammad Usman , Divya Gopinath , Corina S. Păsăreanu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are suffering from ethical issues such as individual discrimination. In response, extensive NN repair techniques have been developed to adjust models and mitigate such undesired behaviors. However, existing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Jianan Ma , Jingyi Wang , Qi Xuan , Zhen Wang

Safety is one of the most important development goals for highly automated driving (HAD) systems. This applies in particular to the perception function driven by Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). For these, large parts of the traditional safety…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Timo Sämann , Peter Schlicht , Fabian Hüger

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is a powerful machine learning paradigm for generating agents that control autonomous systems. However, the ``black box'' nature of DRL agents limits their deployment in real-world safety-critical…

Neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, i.e., small input perturbations can significantly affect the outputs of a neural network. Therefore, to ensure safety of neural networks in safety-critical environments, the robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Lukas Koller , Tobias Ladner , Matthias Althoff

Great advances in deep neural networks (DNNs) have led to state-of-the-art performance on a wide range of tasks. However, recent studies have shown that DNNs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which have brought great concerns when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Linyi Li , Tao Xie , Bo Li

Deep neural networks (DNNs) enable high performance across domains but remain vulnerable to adversarial perturbations, limiting their use in safety-critical settings. Here, we introduce two quantum-optimization-based models for robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Wenxin Li , Wenchao Liu , Chuan Wang , Qi Gao , Yin Ma , Hai Wei , Kai Wen

Neural networks are increasingly deployed in real-world safety-critical domains such as autonomous driving, aircraft collision avoidance, and malware detection. However, these networks have been shown to often mispredict on inputs with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Shiqi Wang , Kexin Pei , Justin Whitehouse , Junfeng Yang , Suman Jana

The use of neural networks as function approximators has enabled many advances in reinforcement learning (RL). The generalization power of neural networks combined with advances in RL algorithms has reignited the field of artificial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-14 Christopher Lazarus , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Control of a dynamical system without the knowledge of dynamics is an important and challenging task. Modern machine learning approaches, such as deep neural networks (DNNs), allow for the estimation of a dynamics model from control inputs…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-14 Suruchi Sharma , Volodymyr Makarenko , Gautam Kumar , Stas Tiomkin

We present VeriX (Verified eXplainability), a system for producing optimal robust explanations and generating counterfactuals along decision boundaries of machine learning models. We build such explanations and counterfactuals iteratively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Min Wu , Haoze Wu , Clark Barrett