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Dynamic programming (DP) solves a variety of structured combinatorial problems by iteratively breaking them down into smaller subproblems. In spite of their versatility, DP algorithms are usually non-differentiable, which hampers their use…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-21 Arthur Mensch , Mathieu Blondel

This article aims to demonstrate and discuss the applications of automatic differentiation (AD) for finding derivatives in PDE-constrained optimization problems and Jacobians in non-linear finite element analysis. The main idea is to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-03 Julian Andrej , Tzanio Kolev , Boyan Lazarov

Using the notion of conservative gradient, we provide a simple model to estimate the computational costs of the backward and forward modes of algorithmic differentiation for a wide class of nonsmooth programs. The overhead complexity of the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-02-07 Jérôme Bolte , Ryan Boustany , Edouard Pauwels , Béatrice Pesquet-Popescu

Deep learning has seen tremendous success over the past decade in computer vision, machine translation, and gameplay. This success rests in crucial ways on gradient-descent optimization and the ability to learn parameters of a neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Fei Wang , Daniel Zheng , James Decker , Xilun Wu , Grégory M. Essertel , Tiark Rompf

Derivative-based algorithms are ubiquitous in statistics, machine learning, and applied mathematics. Automatic differentiation offers an algorithmic way to efficiently evaluate these derivatives from computer programs that execute relevant…

Computation · Statistics 2022-03-01 Charles C. Margossian , Michael Betancourt

Automatic differentiation---the mechanical transformation of numeric computer programs to calculate derivatives efficiently and accurately---dates to the origin of the computer age. Reverse mode automatic differentiation both antedates and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-04-30 Atilim Gunes Baydin , Barak A. Pearlmutter

Automatic differentiation (AD) aims to compute derivatives of user-defined functions, but in Turing-complete languages, this simple specification does not fully capture AD's behavior: AD sometimes disagrees with the true derivative of a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Alexander K. Lew , Mathieu Huot , Vikash K. Mansinghka

Automatic differentiation (AD) has driven recent advances in machine learning, including deep neural networks and Hamiltonian Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. Partially observed nonlinear stochastic dynamical systems have proved resistant…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-04 Kevin Tan , Giles Hooker , Edward L. Ionides

Inverse design of complex flows is notoriously challenging because of the high cost of high dimensional optimization. Usually, optimization problems are either restricted to few control parameters, or adjoint-based approaches are used to…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-03-12 Mohammed Alhashim , Kaylie Hausknecht , Michael Brenner

Algorithmic differentiation (AD) allows exact computation of derivatives given only an implementation of an objective function. Although many AD tools are available, a proper and efficient implementation of AD methods is not…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2018-07-27 Filip Šrajer , Zuzana Kukelova , Andrew Fitzgibbon

We present semantic correctness proofs of automatic differentiation (AD). We consider a forward-mode AD method on a higher-order language with algebraic data types and we characterise it as the unique structure-preserving macro given a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Mathieu Huot , Sam Staton , Matthijs Vákár

Determining physical properties inside an object without access to direct measurements of target regions can be formulated as a specific type of \textit{inverse problem}. One of such problems is applied in \textit{Electrical Impedance…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-01-30 Ivan Pombo , Luis Sarmento

Automatic differentiation is everywhere, but there exists only minimal documentation of how it works in complex arithmetic beyond stating "derivatives in $\mathbb{C}^d$" $\cong$ "derivatives in $\mathbb{R}^{2d}$" and, at best, shallow…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Nicholas Krämer

Automatic differentiation is involved for long in applied mathematics as an alternative to finite difference to improve the accuracy of numerical computation of derivatives. Each time a numerical minimization is involved, automatic…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2017-06-08 Sébastien Geeraert , Charles-Albert Lehalle , Barak Pearlmutter , Olivier Pironneau , Adil Reghai

Recently, there has been great interest in connections between continuous-time dynamical systems and optimization methods, notably in the context of accelerated methods for smooth and unconstrained problems. In this paper we extend this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-25 Guilherme França , Daniel P. Robinson , René Vidal

Numerous Optimization Algorithms have a time-varying update rule thanks to, for instance, a changing step size, momentum parameter or, Hessian approximation. In this paper, we apply unrolled or automatic differentiation to a time-varying…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-28 Sheheryar Mehmood , Peter Ochs

Automatic segmentation of an image to identify all meaningful parts is one of the most challenging as well as useful tasks in a number of application areas. This is widely studied. Selective segmentation, less studied, aims to use limited…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-07-08 Michael Roberts , Ke Chen , Klaus L. Irion

Stencil loops are a common motif in computations including convolutional neural networks, structured-mesh solvers for partial differential equations, and image processing. Stencil loops are easy to parallelise, and their fast execution is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-08 Jan Hückelheim , Navjot Kukreja , Sri Hari Krishna Narayanan , Fabio Luporini , Gerard Gorman , Paul Hovland

Nonconvex and nonsmooth optimization problems are frequently encountered in much of statistics, business, science and engineering, but they are not yet widely recognized as a technology in the sense of scalability. A reason for this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-01-19 Bo Jiang , Tianyi Lin , Shiqian Ma , Shuzhong Zhang

Automatic differentiation (AD) has been a topic of interest for researchers in many disciplines, with increased popularity since its application to machine learning and neural networks. Although many researchers appreciate and know how to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Birthe van den Berg , Tom Schrijvers , James McKinna , Alexander Vandenbroucke