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The sensitivity of a string compression algorithm $C$ asks how much the output size $C(T)$ for an input string $T$ can increase when a single character edit operation is performed on $T$. This notion enables one to measure the robustness of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Tooru Akagi , Mitsuru Funakoshi , Shunsuke Inenaga

Two decades ago, a breakthrough in indexing string collections made it possible to represent them within their compressed space while at the same time offering indexed search functionalities. As this new technology permeated through…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Gonzalo Navarro

In this paper we develop combinatorial techniques for the case of string algebras with the aim to give a characterization of string complexes with infinite minimal projective resolution. These complexes will be called \textit{periodic…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-26 Andrés Franco , Hernán Giraldo , Pedro Rizzo

An absent factor of a string $w$ is a string $u$ which does not occur as a contiguous substring (a.k.a. factor) inside $w$. We extend this well-studied notion and define absent subsequences: a string $u$ is an absent subsequence of a string…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Maria Kosche , Tore Koß , Florin Manea , Stefan Siemer

The complexity function of an infinite word $w$ on a finite alphabet $A$ is the sequence counting, for each non-negative $n$, the number of words of length $n$ on the alphabet $A$ that are factors of the infinite word $w$. For any given…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2018-03-01 C. Mauduit , C. -G. Moreira

We introduce the Insertion Chain Complex, a higher-dimensional extension of insertion graphs, as a new framework for analyzing finite sets of words. We study its topological and combinatorial properties, in particular its homology groups,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-17 Nataša Jonoska , Francisco Martinez-Figueroa , Masahico Saito

We show that it is decidable, given an automatic sequence $\bf s$ and a constant $c$, whether all prefixes of $\bf s$ have a string attractor of size $\leq c$. Using a decision procedure based on this result, we show that all prefixes of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Luke Schaeffer , Jeffrey Shallit

The problem of storing a set of strings --- a string dictionary --- in compact form appears naturally in many cases. While classically it has represented a small part of the whole data to be processed (e.g., for Natural Language processing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-01-31 Nieves R. Brisaboa , Rodrigo Cánovas , Miguel A. Martínez-Prieto , Gonzalo Navarro

Compositionality in language refers to how much the meaning of some phrase can be decomposed into the meaning of its constituents and the way these constituents are combined. Based on the premise that substitution by synonyms is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-13 Christina Lioma , Niels Dalum Hansen

Repetitiveness measures reveal profound characteristics of datasets, and give rise to compressed data structures and algorithms working in compressed space. Alas, the computation of some of these measures is NP-hard, and straight-forward…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Hideo Bannai , Keisuke Goto , Masakazu Ishihata , Shunsuke Kanda , Dominik Köppl , Takaaki Nishimoto

Infinite words, also known as streams, hold significant interest in computer science and mathematics, raising the natural question of how their complexity should be measured. We introduce cellular automaton reducibility as a measure of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Markel Zubia , Herman Geuvers

Repetitiveness measures quantify how much repetitive structure a string contains and serve as parameters for compressed representations and indexing data structures. We study the measure $\chi$, defined as the size of the smallest…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Hiroki Shibata , Hideo Bannai

We study the problem of supporting queries on a string $S$ of length $n$ within a space bounded by the size $\gamma$ of a string attractor for $S$. Recent works showed that random access on $S$ can be supported in optimal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-12-24 Nicola Prezza

Network or graph structures are ubiquitous in the study of complex systems. Often, we are interested in complexity trends of these system as it evolves under some dynamic. An example might be looking at the complexity of a food web as…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-01-23 Russell K. Standish

The exponent of a word is the ratio of its length over its smallest period. The repetitive threshold r(a) of an a-letter alphabet is the smallest rational number for which there exists an infinite word whose finite factors have exponent at…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-08-19 Golnaz Badkobeh , Maxime Crochemore

We study the impact that string reversal can have on several repetitiveness measures. First, we exhibit an infinite family of strings where the number, $r$, of runs in the run-length encoding of the Burrows--Wheeler transform (BWT) can…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Hideo Bannai , Yuto Fujie , Peaker Guo , Shunsuke Inenaga , Yuto Nakashima , Simon J. Puglisi , Cristian Urbina

Word complexity is defined in a number of different ways. Psycholinguistic, morphological and lexical proxies are often used. Human ratings are also used. The problem here is that these proxies do not measure complexity directly, and human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Michael Dalvean

In this paper we exploit concepts of information theory to address the fundamental problem of identifying and defining the most suitable tools to extract, in a automatic and agnostic way, information from a generic string of characters. We…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 Andrea Baronchelli , Emanuele Caglioti , Vittorio Loreto

The size of the \textit{smallest suffixient set} of positions of a string recently emerged as a new measure of string \textit{repetitiveness} -- a measure reflecting how much of repetitive content the string contains. We study how to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Dominik Köppl , Gregory Kucherov

String complexity is defined as the cardinality of a set of all distinct words (factors) of a given string. For two strings, we introduce the joint string complexity as the cardinality of a set of words that are common to both strings.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Philippe Jacquet , Dimitris Milioris , Wojciech Szpankowski