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Noise poses a fundamental challenge to quantum information processing, with amplitude-damping (AD) noise being particularly detrimental. Preserving high-fidelity quantum systems therefore relies critically on effective error correction and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Kai Wang , Zhen-Yang Peng

Fault tolerant protocol assumes the application of error correction after every quantum gate. However, correcting errors is costly in terms of time and number of qubits. Here we demonstrate that quantum error correction can be applied…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 Yaakov S. Weinstein

Implementing many important sub-circuits on near-term quantum devices remains a challenge due to the high levels of noise and the prohibitive depth on standard nearest-neighbour topologies. Overcoming these barriers will likely require…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-06 Angus Mingare , Anastasia Moroz , Marcell D Kovacs , Andrew G Green

A long-standing challenge in quantum computing is developing technologies to overcome the inevitable noise in qubits. To enable meaningful applications in the early stages of fault-tolerant quantum computing, devising methods to suppress…

A general error correction method is presented which is capable of correcting coherent errors originating from static residual inter-qubit couplings in a quantum computer. It is based on a randomization of static imperfections in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 O. Kern , G. Alber , D. L. Shepelyansky

Quantum processing units (QPUs) are highly heterogeneous in terms of physical qubit performance. To add even more complexity, drift in quantum noise landscapes has been well-documented. This makes resource allocation a challenging problem…

An important measure of the development of quantum computing platforms has been the simulation of increasingly complex physical systems. Prior to fault-tolerant quantum computing, robust error mitigation strategies are necessary to continue…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-07 T. E. O'Brien , G. Anselmetti , F. Gkritsis , V. E. Elfving , S. Polla , W. J. Huggins , O. Oumarou , K. Kechedzhi , D. Abanin , R. Acharya , I. Aleiner , R. Allen , T. I. Andersen , K. Anderson , M. Ansmann , F. Arute , K. Arya , A. Asfaw , J. Atalaya , D. Bacon , J. C. Bardin , A. Bengtsson , S. Boixo , G. Bortoli , A. Bourassa , J. Bovaird , L. Brill , M. Broughton , B. Buckley , D. A. Buell , T. Burger , B. Burkett , N. Bushnell , J. Campero , Y. Chen , Z. Chen , B. Chiaro , D. Chik , J. Cogan , R. Collins , P. Conner , W. Courtney , A. L. Crook , B. Curtin , D. M. Debroy , S. Demura , I. Drozdov , A. Dunsworth , C. Erickson , L. Faoro , E. Farhi , R. Fatemi , V. S. Ferreira , L. Flores Burgos , E. Forati , A. G. Fowler , B. Foxen , W. Giang , C. Gidney , D. Gilboa , M. Giustina , R. Gosula , A. Grajales Dau , J. A. Gross , S. Habegger , M. C. Hamilton , M. Hansen , M. P. Harrigan , S. D. Harrington , P. Heu , J. Hilton , M. R. Hoffmann , S. Hong , T. Huang , A. Huff , L. B. Ioffe , S. V. Isakov , J. Iveland , E. Jeffrey , Z. Jiang , C. Jones , P. Juhas , D. Kafri , J. Kelly , T. Khattar , M. Khezri , M. Kieferová , S. Kim , P. V. Klimov , A. R. Klots , R. Kothari , A. N. Korotkov , F. Kostritsa , J. M. Kreikebaum , D. Landhuis , P. Laptev , K. Lau , L. Laws , J. Lee , K. Lee , B. J. Lester , A. T. Lill , W. Liu , W. P. Livingston , A. Locharla , E. Lucero , F. D. Malone , S. Mandra , O. Martin , S. Martin , J. R. McClean , T. McCourt , M. McEwen , A. Megrant , X. Mi , A. Mieszala , K. C. Miao , M. Mohseni , S. Montazeri , A. Morvan , R. Movassagh , W. Mruczkiewicz , O. Naaman , M. Neeley , C. Neill , A. Nersisyan , H. Neven , M. Newman , J. H. Ng , A. Nguyen , M. Nguyen , M. Y. Niu , S. Omonije , A. Opremcak , A. Petukhov , R. Potter , L. P. Pryadko , C. Quintana , C. Rocque , P. Roushan , N. Saei , D. Sank , K. Sankaragomathi , K. J. Satzinger , H. F. Schurkus , C. Schuster , M. J. Shearn , A. Shorter , N. Shutty , V. Shvarts , J. Skruzny , V. Smelyanskiy , W. C. Smith , R. Somma , G. Sterling , D. Strain , M. Szalay , D. Thor , A. Torres , G. Vidal , B. Villalonga , C. Vollgraff Heidweiller , T. White , B. W. K. Woo , C. Xing , Z. J. Yao , P. Yeh , J. Yoo , G. Young , A. Zalcman , Y. Zhang , N. Zhu , N. Zobrist , C. Gogolin , R. Babbush , N. C. Rubin

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is critical in reducing the impact of noise in the pre-fault-tolerant era, and is expected to complement error correction in fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC). In this paper, we propose a novel QEM…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Hrushikesh Pramod Patil , Dror Baron , Huiyang Zhou

We propose a sampling-based simulation for fault-tolerant quantum error correction under coherent noise. A mixture of incoherent and coherent noise, possibly due to over-rotation, is decomposed into Clifford channels with a quasiprobability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-22 Shigeo Hakkaku , Kosuke Mitarai , Keisuke Fujii

In the era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, the number of controllable hardware qubits is insufficient to implement quantum error correction (QEC). As an alternative, quantum error mitigation (QEM) can suppress errors in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-02 Yuchen Guo , Shuo Yang

The detrimental effect of noise accumulates as quantum computers grow in size. In the case where devices are too small or noisy to perform error correction, error mitigation may be used. Error mitigation does not increase the fidelity of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Cristina Cirstoiu , Silas Dilkes , Daniel Mills , Seyon Sivarajah , Ross Duncan

In this work, we propose a two-stage procedure to systematically address quantum noise inherent in quantum measurements. The idea behind it is intuitive: we first detect and then eliminate quantum noise so that the classical noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-28 Shuanghong Tang , Congcong Zheng , Kun Wang

We present a quantum circuit optimization technique that takes into account the variability in error rates that is inherent across present day noisy quantum computing platforms. This method can be run post qubit routing or post-compilation,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-22 Paul D. Nation , Matthew Treinish

It is vital to minimise the impact of errors for near-future quantum devices that will lack the resources for full fault tolerance. Two quantum error mitigation (QEM) techniques have been introduced recently, namely error extrapolation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-01 Suguru Endo , Simon C. Benjamin , Ying Li

If NISQ-era quantum computers are to perform useful tasks, they will need to employ powerful error mitigation techniques. Quasi-probability methods can permit perfect error compensation at the cost of additional circuit executions, provided…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-14 Armands Strikis , Dayue Qin , Yanzhu Chen , Simon C. Benjamin , Ying Li

We consider entanglement purification protocols for multiple copies of qubit states. We use high-dimensional auxiliary entangled systems to learn about number and positions of errors in the noisy ensemble in an explicit and controlled way,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-28 Ferran Riera Sàbat , Pavel Sekatski , Alexander Pirker , Wolfgang Dür

We present a general-purpose quantum error correction primitive based on state purification via the SWAP test, which we refer to as purification quantum error correction (PQEC). This method operates on $N$ noisy copies, requires minimally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Jonathan Raghoonanan , Tim Byrnes

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is a promising technique of protecting hybrid quantum-classical computation from decoherence, but it suffers from sampling overhead which erodes the computational speed. In this treatise, we provide a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-17 Yifeng Xiong , Daryus Chandra , Soon Xin Ng , Lajos Hanzo

We apply quantum error mitigation techniques to a variety of benchmark problems and quantum computers to evaluate the performance of quantum error mitigation in practice. To do so, we define an empirically motivated, resource-normalized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-21 Vincent Russo , Andrea Mari , Nathan Shammah , Ryan LaRose , William J. Zeng

Noise rates in quantum computing experiments have dropped dramatically, but reliable qubits remain precious. Fault-tolerance schemes with minimal qubit overhead are therefore essential. We introduce fault-tolerant error-correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-06 Rui Chao , Ben W. Reichardt