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In February 2021, an unprecedented winter storm swept across the U.S., severely affecting the Texas power grid, leading to more than 4.5 million customers' electricity service interruption. This paper assesses the load shedding experienced…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-29 Ali Menati , Le Xie

Unprecedented winter storms that hit across Texas in February 2021 have caused at least 69 deaths and 4.5 million customer interruptions due to the wide-ranging generation capacity outage and record-breaking electricity demand. While much…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-07-19 Dongqi Wu , Xiangtian Zheng , Yixing Xu , Daniel Olsen , Bainan Xia , Chanan Singh , Le Xie

The Texan electric network in the Gulf Coast of the United States is frequently hit by Tropical Cyclones (TC) causing widespread power outages, a risk that is expected to substantially increase under global warming. Here, we introduce a new…

We deliver the first analysis of the 2021 cold spell in Texas which combines temperature dependent load estimates with temperature dependent estimates of power plant outages to understand the frequency of loss of load events, using a 71…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-05-12 Katharina Gruber , Tobias Gauster , Peter Regner , Gregor Laaha , Johannes Schmidt

In 21st century America, to many observers, the idea that 10's of millions of Americans could lose power and heat for multiple days in the middle of a record cold snap, was unthinkable. It came as an even greater surprise that it would be…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-08-09 William Wagner , Siyu Xiang , Chien-Ting Chang

It is estimated that over one-fourth of US households experienced a power outage in 2023, costing on average US $\$150$ Bn annually, with $87\%$ of outages caused by natural hazards. Indeed, numerous studies have examined the macroeconomic…

General Economics · Economics 2025-07-29 Matthew Sprintson , Edward Oughton

Growth of intermittent renewable energy and climate change make it increasingly difficult to manage electricity demand variability. Centralized storage can help but is costly. An alternative is to shift demand. Cooling and heating demands…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-23 Michael J. Roberts , Sisi Zhang , Eleanor Yuan , James Jones , Matthias Fripp

The 2021 Texas power crisis has highlighted the vulnerability of the power system under wind extremes, particularly with the increasing penetration of energy resources that depend on weather conditions (e.g., wind energy). The current wind…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2021-10-26 Linyue Gao , Teja Dasari , Jiarong Hong

Aggregated community-scale data could be harnessed to allow insights into the disparate impacts of managed power outages, burst pipes, and food inaccessibility during extreme weather events. During Winter Storm Uri in February 2021, Texas…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-09-27 Cheng-Chun Lee , Mikel Maron , Ali Mostafavi

Extreme temperature outages can lead to not just economic losses but also various non-energy impacts (NEI) due to significant degradation of indoor operating conditions caused by service disruptions. However, existing resilience assessment…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-14 Min Gyung Yu , Monish Mukherjee , Shiva Poudela , Sadie R. Bender , Sarmad Hanif , Trevor D. Hardy , Hayden M. Reeve

Threats against power grids continue to increase, as extreme weather conditions and natural disasters (extreme events) become more frequent. Hence, there is a need for the simulation and modeling of power grids to reflect realistic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-09 Sarmad Hanif , Monish Mukherjee , Shiva Poudel , Rohit A Jinsiwale , Min Gyung Yu , Trevor Hardy , Hayden Reeve

Sustainable energy systems require flexible elements to balance the variability of renewable energy sources. Demand response aims to adapt the demand to the variable generation, in particular by shifting the load in time. In this article,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-07-04 Chengyuan Han , Dirk Witthaut , Leonardo Rydin Gorjão , Philipp C. Böttcher

This paper considers the reliability problem in energy-only markets. Following widespread blackouts in 2011, Texas introduced a reliability price incentive to attract two GW of net additional natural gas-generating capacity. The incentive…

General Economics · Economics 2024-06-25 Devin Mounts , Robin M. Cross

This study develops a novel predictive framework for power grid vulnerability based on the statistical signatures of Self-Organized Criticality (SOC). By analyzing the evolution of the power law critical exponents in outage size…

Applications · Statistics 2025-12-18 Mary Lai O. Salvaña , Gregory L. Tangonan

The reliability of energy systems is strongly influenced by the prevailing climate conditions. With the increasing prevalence of renewable energy sources, the interdependence between energy and climate systems has become even stronger. This…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-05-10 Xiangtian Zheng , Le Xie , Kiyeob Lee , Dan Fu , Jiahan Wu , Ping Chang

In this study, we evaluate the effects of natural disasters on the stock (market) values of firms located in the affected counties. We are able to measure the change in stock prices of the firms affected by the 2021 Texas winter storm. To…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2022-11-01 Sherry Hu , Kose John , Balbinder Singh Gill

This analysis quantitatively compares the evolution in summer and winter peak demands in the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) service area from 1997 through 2021. Weather data for the days in which peak demand occurred were…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-03 Matthew J. Skiles , Joshua D. Rhodes , Michael E. Webber

In recent decades, the weather around the world has become more irregular and extreme, often causing large-scale extended power outages. Resilience -- the capability of withstanding, adapting to, and recovering from a large-scale disruption…

Applications · Statistics 2025-08-06 Shixiang Zhu , Rui Yao , Yao Xie , Feng Qiu , Yueming Qiu , Xuan Wu

Systems for the generation and distribution of electrical power represents critical infrastructure and, when extreme weather events disrupt such systems, this imposes substantial costs on consumers. These costs can be conceptualized as…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Xiangpeng Li , Mona Ahmadiani , Richard Woodward , Bo Li , Arnold Vedlitz , Ali Mostafavi

In the electric system, extreme weather events can cause trips or physical damage to transmission lines, leading to large-scale load shedding. To mitigate power shedding, we propose a framework that pre-positions the commitment of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Yongzheng Dai , Antonio J. Conejo , Feng Qiu
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