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A quantum measurement can be described by a set of matrices, one for each possible outcome, which represents the positive operator-valued measure (POVM) of the sensor. Efficient protocols of POVM extraction for arbitrary sensors are…

The quantum geometric tensor (QGT) embodies the geometry of the eigenstates of a system's Hamiltonian, and its full characterization across diverse quantum systems is essential. However, it is challenging to characterize the QGT of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-02-26 Shu-Hui Zhang , Jin Yang , Ding-Fu Shao , Jia-Ji Zhu , Wen-Long You , Wen Yang , Kai Chang

The single electron transistor (SET) offers unparalled opportunities as a nano-scale electrometer, capable of measuring sub-electron charge variations. SETs have been proposed for read-out schema in solid-state quantum computing where…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Vincent I. Conrad , Andrew D. Greentree , David N. Jamieson , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

Quantum subspace expansion (QSE) offers promising avenues to perform spectral calculations on quantum processors but comes with a large measurement overhead. Informationally complete (IC) measurements, such as classical shadows, were…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-30 Laurin E. Fischer , Daniel Bultrini , Ivano Tavernelli , Francesco Tacchino

Quantum state tomography is an elementary tool to fully characterize an unknown quantum state. As the quantum hardware scales up in size, the standard quantum state tomography becomes increasingly challenging due to its exponentially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-12 Lu Zhong , Chu Guo , Xiaoting Wang

Quantum computing shows promise for addressing computationally intensive problems but is constrained by the exponential resource requirements of general quantum state tomography (QST), which fully characterizes quantum states through…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-12 Hao Su , Shiying Xiong , Yue Yang

The quantum efficiency, which characterizes the quality of information gain against information loss, is an important figure of merit for any realistic quantum detectors in the gradual process of collapsing the state being measured. In this…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Yin Ye , Jing Ping , HuJun Jiao , Shu-Shen Li , Xin-Qi Li

Optimal generalized measurements for state estimation are well understood. However, practical quantum state tomography is typically performed using a fixed set of projective measurements and the question of how to choose these measurements…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Mark D de Burgh , Nathan K. Langford , Andrew C. Doherty , Alexei Gilchrist

Quantum state tomography seeks to reconstruct an unknown state from measurement statistics. A finite measurement (POVM) is \emph{pure-state informationally complete} (PSI-Complete) if the outcome probabilities determine any pure state up to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Dan Edidin , Ivan Gonzalez , Itzhak Tamo

High-quality quantum state generation is essential for advanced quantum information processing, including quantum communication, quantum sensing, and quantum computing. In practice, various error sources degrade the quality of quantum…

Quantum state tomography is an important tool for quantum communication, computation, metrology, and simulation. Efficient quantum state tomography on a high dimensional quantum system is still a challenging problem. Here, we propose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-07 Ruifeng Liu , Junling Long , Pei Zhang , Russell E. Lake , Hong Gao , David P. Pappas , Fuli Li

Characterizing non-Markovian quantum dynamics is currently hindered by the self-inconsistency and high computational complexity of existing quantum comb tomography (QCT) methods. In this work, we propose a self-consistent framework that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-02 Xinlin He , Zetong Li , Congcong Zheng , Sixuan Li , Xutao Yu , Zaichen Zhang

With nowadays steadily growing quantum processors, it is required to develop new quantum tomography tools that are tailored for high-dimensional systems. In this work, we describe such a computational tool, based on recent ideas from…

Debugging quantum states transformations is an important task of modern quantum computing. The use of quantum tomography for these purposes significantly expands the range of possibilities. However, the presence of preparation and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-11 B. I. Bantysh , Yu. I. Bogdanov

Estimation of physical observables for unknown quantum states is an important problem that underlies a wide range of fields, including quantum information processing, quantum physics, and quantum chemistry. In the context of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-21 Yuma Nakamura , Yoshichika Yano , Nobuyuki Yoshioka

Engineering quantum devices requires reliable characterization of the quantum system, including qubits, quantum operations (also known as instruments) and the quantum noise. Recently, quantum gate set tomography (GST) has emerged as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-16 Ze-Tong Li , Cong-Cong Zheng , Fan-Xu Meng , Han Zeng , Tian Luan , Zai-Chen Zhang , Xu-Tao Yu

In measurement-based quantum computing an algorithm is performed by measurements on highly-entangled resource states. To date, several implementations were demonstrated, all of them assuming perfect noise-free environments. Here we consider…

We implement a hybrid quantum-classical model for image classification that compresses MNIST digit images into a low-dimensional feature space and then maps these features onto a 5-qubit quantum state. First, an autoencoder compresses each…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-01 Soumyadip Sarkar

A quantum computer promises efficient processing of certain computational tasks that are intractable with classical computer technology. While basic principles of a quantum computer have been demonstrated in the laboratory, scalability of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Robert Raussendorf , Hans J. Briegel

Quantum state tomography (QST), the task of estimating an unknown quantum state given measurement outcomes, is essential to building reliable quantum computing devices. Whereas computing the maximum-likelihood (ML) estimate corresponds to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Chien-Ming Lin , Yu-Ming Hsu , Yen-Huan Li