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It is a well-known fact that the optimal POVM for quantum state tomography is the symmetric, informationally complete, positive operator valued measure (SIC-POVM). We investigate the same problem only in the case when there are some a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-23 Dénes Petz , László Ruppert

Quantum state tomography (QST) remains the prevailing method for benchmarking and verifying quantum devices; however, its application to large quantum systems is rendered impractical due to the exponential growth in both the required number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-10 Zhen Qin , Joseph M. Lukens , Brian T. Kirby , Zhihui Zhu

We propose an estimation method for quantum measurement tomography (QMT) based on semidefinite programming (SDP), and discuss how it may be employed to detect experimental imperfections, such as shot noise and/or faulty preparation of the…

Quantum state tomography is the experimental procedure of determining an unknown state. It is not only essential for the verification of resources and processors of quantum information but is also important in its own right with regard to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-20 Mahn-Soo Choi

Quantum state tomography (QST) is a universal tool for the design and optimization of entangled-photon sources. It typically requires single-photon detectors and coincidence measurements. Recently, it was suggested that the information…

Robust, accurate and efficient quantum tomography is key for future quantum technologies. Traditional methods are impractical for even medium sized systems and are not robust against noise and errors. Here we report on an experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-27 Robert J. Chapman , Christopher Ferrie , Alberto Peruzzo

Quantum state tomography (QST) via local measurements on reduced density matrices (LQST) is a promising approach but becomes impractical for large systems. To tackle this challenge, we developed an efficient quantum state tomography method…

Quantum state tomography is a technique in quantum information science used to reconstruct the density matrix of an unknown quantum state, providing complete information about the quantum state. It is of significant importance in fields…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-23 Wenlong Zhao , Da Zhang , Huili Zhang , Haifeng Yu , Zhang-qi Yin

It is crucial for various quantum information processing tasks that the state of a quantum system can be determined reliably and efficiently from general quantum measurements. One important class of measurements for this purpose is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-12-17 Gelo Noel M. Tabia

The estimation of all the parameters in an unknown quantum state or measurement device, commonly known as quantum state tomography (QST) and quantum detector tomography (QDT), is crucial for comprehensively characterizing and controlling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-18 Shuixin Xiao , Weichao Liang , Yuanlong Wang , Daoyi Dong , Ian R. Petersen , Valery Ugrinovskii

Photonic quantum technologies utilize various degrees of freedom (DOFs) of light, such as polarization, frequency, and spatial modes, to encode quantum information. In the effort of further improving channel capacity of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Roey Shafran , Ron Ziv , Mordechai Segev

Quantum state tomography (QST) is the process of reconstructing the state of a quantum system (mathematically described as a density matrix) through a series of different measurements, which can be solved by learning a parameterized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-31 Hailan Ma , Zhenhong Sun , Daoyi Dong , Chunlin Chen , Herschel Rabitz

Estimation of quantum states and measurements is crucial for the implementation of quantum information protocols. The standard method for each is quantum tomography. However, quantum tomography suffers from systematic errors caused by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-19 Adam C. Keith , Charles H. Baldwin , Scott Glancy , E. Knill

Quantum state tomography (QST) is one of the fundamental problems in quantum information. Among various metrics, sample complexity is widely used to evaluate QST algorithms. While multi-copy measurements are known to achieve optimal sample…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Gyungmin Cho , Dohun Kim

Constructing an integrated large-scale qubit system of realistic size requires addressing the challenge of physical crowding among qubits. This constraint poses an issue of coarse-grained (CG) measurement, wherein information from the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-10 Donghun Jung , Young-Wook Cho , Yosep Kim , Junghyun Lee

Quantum State Tomography is the task of determining an unknown quantum state by making measurements on identical copies of the state. Current algorithms are costly both on the experimental front -- requiring vast numbers of measurements --…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-18 Yihui Quek , Stanislav Fort , Hui Khoon Ng

Quantum state tomography aims to estimate the state of a quantum mechanical system which is described by a trace one, Hermitian positive semidefinite complex matrix, given a set of measurements of the state. Existing works focus on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-22 Siva Shanmugam , Sheetal Kalyani

Quantum state tomography (QST) aims at reconstructing the state of a quantum system. However in conventional QST the number of measurements scales exponentially with the number of qubits. Here we propose a QST protocol, in which the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-23 Daniele Binosi , Giovanni Garberoglio , Diego Maragnano , Maurizio Dapor , Marco Liscidini

Quantum tomography is a fundamental technique for characterizing, benchmarking, and verifying quantum states and devices. It plays a crucial role in advancing quantum technologies and deepening our understanding of quantum mechanics.…

Reconstructing the state of a complex quantum system represents a pivotal task for all quantum information applications, both for characterization purposes and for verification of quantum protocols. Recent technological developments have…