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The thermodynamic approach to non-equilibrium dynamics describes the state of macroscopic systems by means of a collection of intensities or intensive variables. The latter are by definition the differentials of the entropy with respect to…

chao-dyn · Physics 2008-02-03 Z. Hens , X. de Hemptinne

We develop non-equilibrium theory by using averages in time and space as a generalized way to upscale thermodynamics in non-ergodic systems. The approach offers a classical perspective on the energy dynamics in fluctuating systems. The rate…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-09-29 James E. McClure , Steffen Berg , Ryan T. Armstrong

Equilibrium statistical mechanics provides a robust framework for characterizing phase transitions in systems whose microsopic dynamics are time-reversible. Efforts to develop and validate theoretical frameworks for time-irreversible,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-12-18 Stuart J. Thomson , Jack-William Barotta , Daniel M. Harris

A general formulation of stochastic thermodynamics is presented for open systems exchanging energy and particles with multiple reservoirs. By introducing a partition in terms of "macrostates" (e.g. sets of "microstates"), the consequence on…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-03 Massimiliano Esposito

We examine stochastic processes that are used to model nonequilibrium processes (e.g, pulling RNA or dragging colloids) and so deliberately violate detailed balance. We argue that by combining an information-theoretic measure of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 R. A. Blythe

Entropy production (EP) is a central measure in nonequilibrium thermodynamics, as it can quantify the irreversibility of a process as well as its energy dissipation in special cases. Using the time-reversal asymmetry in a system's path…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-04-26 Dong-Kyum Kim , Sangyun Lee , Hawoong Jeong

Quantifying energy flows at nanometer scales promises to guide future research in a variety of disciplines, from microscopic control and manipulation, to autonomously operating molecular machines. A general understanding of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-11-26 Steven J. Large , Raphaël Chetrite , David A. Sivak

Using the stochastic thermodynamics, we determine the entropy production and the dynamic heat capacity of systems subject to a sinusoidally time dependent temperature, in which case the systems are permanently out of thermodynamic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-06-26 Carlos E. Fiore , Mário J. de Oliveira

A thermodynamic system is driven into a nonequilibrium condition when a time-dependent force or a nonconservative force represented by a protocol $\lambda(t)$ is applied. Such a system is time irreversible in the sense that the motion under…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-06-03 Jae Dong Noh

The developing field of stochastic thermodynamics extends concepts of macroscopic thermodynamics such as entropy production and work to the microscopic level of individual trajectories taken by a system through phase space. The scheme…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-06-30 Cillian Cockrell , Ian J Ford

Thermodynamical arguments are known to be useful in the construction of physically motivated Lyapunov functionals for nonlinear stability analysis of spatially homogeneous equilibrium steady states in thermodynamically isolated systems.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-08-06 Miroslav Bulíček , Josef Málek , Vít Průša

Most natural systems operate far from equilibrium, displaying time-asymmetric, irreversible dynamics characterized by a positive entropy production while exchanging energy and matter with the environment. Although stochastic thermodynamics…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-06-27 Miguel Aguilera , Masanao Igarashi , Hideaki Shimazaki

By considering general Markov stochastic dynamics and its coarse-graining, we study the framework of stochastic thermodynamics for the original and reduced descriptions corresponding to different scales. We are especially concerned with the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-01-29 Yohei Nakayama , Kyogo Kawaguchi

In this paper, we develop a variational foundation for stochastic thermodynamics of finite-dimensional, continuous-time systems. Requiring the second law (non-negative average total entropy production) systematically yields a consistent…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-07 Héctor Vaquero del Pino , François Gay-Balmaz , Hiroaki Yoshimura , Lock Yue Chew

Stochastic thermodynamics provides a framework for describing small systems like colloids or biomolecules driven out of equilibrium but still in contact with a heat bath. Both, a first-law like energy balance involving exchanged heat and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-05-21 Udo Seifert

This paper proposes a simple mathematical model of non-stationary and non-linear stochastic dynamics, which approximates a (globally) non-stationary and non-linear stochastic process by its locally (or \emph{"piecewise"}) stationary…

The rate of entropy production provides a useful quantitative measure of a non-equilibrium system and estimating it directly from time-series data from experiments is highly desirable. Several approaches have been considered for stationary…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-02-21 Shun Otsubo , Sreekanth K Manikandan , Takahiro Sagawa , Supriya Krishnamurthy

We provide a general macrostatistical formulation of nonequilibrium steady states of reservoir driven quantum systems. This formulation is centred on the large scale properties of the locally conserved hydrodynamical observables, and our…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Geoffrey L. Sewell

We propose a mathematical formulation of the zeroth law of thermodynamics and develop a stochastic dynamical theory, with a consistent irreversible thermodynamics, for systems possessing sustained conservative stationary current in phase…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-01-27 Hong Qian

We develop an exact quantum thermodynamic description for a noninteracting nanoscale steady state that couples strongly with multiple reservoirs. It is demonstrated that there exists a steady-state extension of the thermodynamic function…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-04-05 Nobuhiko Taniguchi
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