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In this paper, we establish Betti number estimates for graphs with non-negative Ollivier curvature, and for graphs with non-negative Bakry-\'Emery curvature, providing a discrete analogue of a classical result by Bochner for manifolds.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-17 Moritz Hehl , Florentin Münch

In this paper, we compare Ollivier Ricci curvature and Bakry-\'Emery curvature notions on combinatorial graphs and discuss connections to various types of Ricci flatness. We show that non-negativity of Ollivier Ricci curvature implies…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-26 David Cushing , Supanat Kamtue , Riikka Kangaslampi , Shiping Liu , Norbert Peyerimhoff

We study the volume growth of metric balls as a function of the radius in discrete spaces, and focus on the relationship between volume growth and discrete curvature. We improve volume growth bounds under a lower bound on the so-called…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-15 Brian Benson , Peter Ralli , Prasad Tetali

We classify all cubic graphs with either non-negative Ollivier-Ricci curvature or non-negative Bakry-\'Emery curvature everywhere. We show in both curvature notions that the non-negatively curved graphs are the prism graphs and the M\"obius…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-26 David Cushing , Riikka Kangaslampi , Valtteri Lipiäinen , Shiping Liu , George William Stagg

We prove that for combinatorial graphs with non-negative Ollivier curvature, one has \[ \|P_t \mu - P_t \nu\|_1 \leq \frac{W_1(\mu,\nu)}{\sqrt{t}} \] for all probability measures $\mu,\nu$ where $P_t$ is the heat semigroup and $W_1$ is the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2019-08-01 Florentin Münch

We study a modified notion of Ollivier's coarse Ricci curvature on graphs introduced by Lin, Lu, and Yau in [11]. We establish a rigidity theorem for complete graphs that shows a connected finite simple graph is complete if and only if the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-11-25 Vincent Bonini , Conor Carroll , Uyen Dinh , Sydney Dye , Joshua Frederick , Erin Pearse

We prove distance bounds for graphs possessing positive Bakry-\'Emery curvature apart from an exceptional set, where the curvature is allowed to be non-positive. If the set of non-positively curved vertices is finite, then the graph admits…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2019-03-26 Shiping Liu , Florentin Münch , Norbert Peyerimhoff , Christian Rose

Intuitively speaking, a bipartite graph is mirror if it can be drawn in the Cartesian plane in such a way that, the vertices of one stable are points in x=0, the vertices of the other stable set are points in x=1, the edges are straight…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-12-13 Susana-Clara López , Francesc-Antoni Muntaner-Batle

We are concerned with the study of different notions of curvature on graphs. We show that if a graph has stronger inner-outer curvature growth than a model graph, then it has faster volume growth too. We also study the relationhips of…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2020-09-29 Andrea Adriani , Alberto G. Setti

Curvature is a fundamental geometric characteristic of smooth spaces. In recent years different notions of curvature have been developed for combinatorial discrete objects such as graphs. However, the connections between such discrete…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-11-09 Pim van der Hoorn , Gabor Lippner , Carlo Trugenberger , Dmitri Krioukov

Inspired by asymptotically flat manifolds, we introduce the concept of asymptotically flat graphs and define the discrete ADM mass on them. We formulate the discrete positive mass conjecture based on the scalar curvature in the sense of…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-02-20 Bobo Hua , Florentin Münch , Haohang Zhang

In this paper, we establish a simple formula for computing the Lin-Lu-Yau Ricci curvature on graphs. For any edge $xy$ in a simple locally finite graph $G$, the curvature $\kappa(x,y)$ can be expressed as a cost function of an optimal…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-25 Yupei Li , Linyuan Lu

Mirror graphs were introduced by Bre\v{s}ar et al. in 2004 as an intriguing class of graphs: vertex-transitive, isometrically embeddable into hypercubes, having a strong connection with regular maps and polytope structure. In this article…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-09-05 Tilen Marc

Connections between continuous and discrete worlds tend to be elusive. One example is curvature. Even though there exist numerous nonequivalent definitions of graph curvature, none is known to converge in any limit to any traditional…

We revisit the classical question of the relationship between the diameter of a graph and its expansion properties. One direction is well understood: expander graphs exhibit essentially the lowest possible diameter. We focus on the reverse…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-11-23 Michael Dinitz , Michael Schapira , Gal Shahaf

To any finite graph $X$ (viewed as a topological space) we assosiate some explicit compact metric space ${\cal X}^r(X)$ which we call {\it the reflection tree of graphs $X$}. This space is of topological dimension $\le1$ and its connected…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-03-10 Jacek Świątkowski

The problem of defining correctly geometric objects such as the curvature is a hard one in discrete geometry. In 2009, Ollivier defined a notion of curvature applicable to a wide category of measured metric spaces, in particular to graphs.…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2014-03-10 Benoît Loisel , Pascal Romon

We characterize Riemannian orbifolds with an upper curvature bound in the Alexandrov sense as reflectofolds, i.e. Riemannian orbifolds all of whose local groups are generated by reflections, with the same upper bound on the sectional…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2023-01-10 Christian Lange

An amply regular graph is a regular graph such that any two adjacent vertices have $\alpha$ common neighbors and any two vertices with distance $2$ have $\beta$ common neighbors. We prove a sharp lower bound estimate for the Lin--Lu--Yau…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-12 Xueping Huang , Shiping Liu , Qing Xia

We consider a countably generated and uniformly closed algebra of bounded functions. We assume that there is a lower semicontinuous, with respect to the supremum norm, quadratic form and that normal contractions operate in a certain sense.…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2018-06-29 Michael Hinz , Alexander Teplyaev