Related papers: Four-Four Maxwell Equations
We demonstrate how to derive Maxwell's equations, including Faraday's law and Maxwell's correction to Amp\`ere's law, by generalizing the description of static electromagnetism to dynamical situations. Thereby, Faraday's law is introduced…
Invoking Maxwell's classical equations in conjunction with expressions for the electromagnetic (EM) energy, momentum, force, and torque, we use a few simple examples to demonstrate the nature of the EM angular momentum. The energy and the…
The purpose of this article is twofold. On one hand, we rigorously derive the Newton--Maxwell equation in the Coulomb gauge from first principles of quantum electrodynamics in agreement with the formal Bohr's correspondence principle of…
The Lorentz force equations provide a partial description of the geodesic motion of a charged particle on a four-manifold. Under the hypothesis that Maxwell's equations express symmetry properties of the Ricci tensor, the full…
It is shown how to break the symmetry of a Lagrangian with duality symmetry between electric and magnetic monopoles, so that at low energy, electric monopole interactions continue to be observed but magnetic monopole interactions become…
The relationship between magnetoelectricity and electromagnetism is a subject of a strong interest and numerous discussions in microwave and optical wave physics and material sciences. The definition of the energy and momentum of the…
The object of this contribution is twofold. On one hand, it rises some general questions concerning the definition of the electromagnetic field and its intrinsic properties, and it proposes concepts and ways to answer them. On the other…
A four-vector field in flat space-time, satisfying a gauge-invariant set of second-order differential equations, is considered as a unified field. The model variational principle corresponds to the general covariance idea and gives rise to…
The singularities of the electromagnetic field are derived to include all the point-like multipoles representing an electric charge and current distribution. Partial results obtained in a previous paper are completed to represent accurately…
A fully relativistically covariant formulation of the classical Maxwell electrodynamics of an arbitrarily-moving point charge is presented, purely in terms of gauge invariant potentials without entailing any gauge fixing. A new,…
The free electromagnetic field, solution of Maxwell's equations and carrier of energy, momentum and spin, is construed as an emergent collective property of an ensemble of photons, and with this, the consistency of an interpretation that…
In the present article, we discuss a modification of classical electrodynamics in which ``ordinary'' point charges are absent. The modified equations contain additional terms describing the induced charges and currents. The densities of the…
In a continuum setting, the energy-momentum tensor embodies the relations between conservation of energy, conservation of linear momentum, and conservation of angular momentum. The well-defined total energy and the well-defined total…
We propose a novel framework that interprets the electromagnetic field as a manifestation of spacetime pseudo-curvature, bridging electromagnetism with the geometric principles of general relativity. By introducing modified field equations,…
The possibility of an incompletness of the equations of electromagnetism is analyzed using a thought experiment that shows a non-physical behavior according to classical electromagnetism. Basically, from Maxwell equations it is shown that a…
Single- and multi-valued solutions of homogeneous Maxwell equations in vacuum are considered, with ''sources'' formed by the (point- or string-like) singularities of the field strengths and, generally, irreducible to any delta-functions'…
The structure of classical electrodynamics based on the variational principle together with causality and space-time homogeneity is analyzed. It is proved that in this case the 4-potentials are defined uniquely. On the other hand, the…
We develop a thermodynamic framework that couples mass dynamics, described by the Newton- Gibbs-van der Waals formalism, with electromagnetic fields beyond the scope of classical Maxwell theory. Classical Newtonian mechanics does not…
We introduce the concept of emergent electric field. This is distinguished from the fundamental one in that the emergent electric field directly appears in observations through the Lorentz force, while the latter enters the phase space as…
The problem of unification of Gravitation and Electromagnetism in four dimensions; some new ideas involving mixtures of commuting and anti-commuting co-ordinates. Maxwell's equations are extracted in terms of the curvature of the…